Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences, Vol 28 No 4 (2024): 781 - 789

EFFECTS OF Pandanus amaryllifolius LEAF EXTRACT CONCENTRATIONS ON THE MICROSTRUCTURAL PROPERTIES OF ZnO NANORODS VIA BIOLOGICALLY SYNTHESIZED ZnO SEED LAYER FORMATION

(Kesan Kepekatan Ekstrak Pandanus amaryllifolius Terhadap Ciri-Ciri Mikro dan Struktur Nanorod ZnO Melalui Pembentukan Lapisan Benih ZnO Bersifat Biologi)

Rabiatuladawiyah Md Akhir^1,2*, Irmaizatussyehdany Buniyamin^2,1, Kevin Alvin Eswar^2,1,4,

Maryam Mohammad^5,2,1, Nurul Afaah Abdullah^2,1, Wan Marhaini Wan Harrum^2,1,

Mohamad Rusop Mahmood^2,3, and Zuraida Khusaimi^2,1*

¹Faculty of Applied Sciences,

Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia

²Centre for Functional Materials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Science,

Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia

³NANO-Electronic Centre, Faculty of Electrical Engineering;

Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia

⁴Faculty of Applied Sciences,

Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sabah Branch, Tawau Campus, 91032 Tawau, Malaysia

⁵Faculty of Applied Sciences,

Universiti Teknologi MARA, Perak Branch, Tapah Campus, Tapah Road, 35400, Perak, Malaysia

^*Corresponding author: rabiatul9581@uitm.edu.my, zurai142@uitm.edu.my

Received: 13 September 2023; Accepted: 13 May 2024; Published: 27 August 2024

Abstract

An integrated strategy of spin-coating and solution immersion methods was carried out to produce well-aligned zinc oxide nanorods (ZnO NRs). First, a biologically synthesized ZnO seed layer (B-ZnO SL) solution was prepared using zinc nitrate hexahydrate as a precursor added with Pandanus amaryllifolius (PA) leaf extract at different concentrations (3% w/v, 6% w/v, and 9% w/v) as a stabilizer. This B-ZnO SL solution was deposited on a glass substrate using the spin-coating method. Second, ZnO-HMTA solution was prepared using zinc nitrate hexahydrate and hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA) as a precursor and stabilizer, respectively. This ZnO-HMTA solution was deposited onto the previously prepared B-ZnO SL. The optimum PA leaf extract concentration for enhanced ZnO NRs was determined by measuring the absorbance of B-ZnO SL via ultraviolet–visible analysis. The highest absorbance corresponded to B-ZnO SL that consisted of 6% w/v of PA leaf extract with an absorption peak of 375 nm. Using X-ray diffraction, three primary peaks for ZnO NRs were detected at 2θ = 31.77°, 34.42°, and 36.24°, corresponding to (100), (002), and (101) ZnO crystallographic planes, respectively. By using field emission scanning electron microscopy, the smallest diameter of 96 nm was measured for the ZnO NRs synthesized on the B-ZnO SL with 6% w/v PA leaf extract. This study is the first to report on the efficacy of PA leaf extract at different concentrations to investigate the development of a highly crystalline and dense ZnO NRs structure.

Keywords: zinc oxide, nanorods, plant extract, spin-coating, solution immersion

Abstrak

Satu strategi bersepadu kaedah lapis-putar dan perendaman larutan telah dilakukan untuk menghasilkan nanorod zink oksida yang teratur (ZnO NRs). Pertama, larutan lapisan benih ZnO yang dihasilkan secara biologi (B-ZnO SL) disediakan menggunakan zink nitrat heksahidrat sebagai perintis dan ditambah ekstrak daun Pandanus amaryllifolius (PA) pada kepekatan berbeza (3% w/v, 6% w/v, dan 9% w/v) sebagai penstabil. Larutan B-ZnO SL ini telah dimendapkan pada substrat kaca menggunakan kaedah lapis-putar. Kedua, larutan ZnO-HMTA disediakan menggunakan zink nitrat heksahidrat dan heksametilenatetramina (HMTA) masing-masing sebagai perintis dan penstabil. Larutan ZnO-HMTA ini dimendapkan ke atas B-ZnO SL yang disediakan sebelumnya. Kepekatan ekstrak daun PA yang optimum bagi peningkatan ciri-ciri ZnO NRs ditentukan dengan mengukur serapan B-ZnO SL melalui analisis ultralembayung–tampak. Serapan tertinggi yang diperoleh selaras dengan B-ZnO SL yang mengandungi 6% w/v ekstrak daun PA pada puncak serapan 375 nm. Dengan menggunakan belauan sinar-X, tiga puncak utama ZnO NRs dikesan pada 2θ = 31.78°, 34.47°, dan 36.26°, masing-masing sejajar dengan satah kristalografi ZnO (100), (002), dan (101). Dengan menggunakan mikroskopi elektron pengimbasan pancaran medan, diameter terkecil 96 nm diukur bagi ZnO NRs yang dihasilkan di atas B-ZnO SL dengan 6% w/v ekstrak daun PA. Kajian ini adalah yang pertama melaporkan keberkesanan ekstrak daun PA pada kepekatan yang berbeza untuk mengkaji perkembangan struktur ZnO NRs yang sangat berhablur dan padat.

Kata kunci: zink oksida, nanorod, ekstrak tumbuhan, lapis-putar, perendaman larutan

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