Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences, Vol 28 No 4 (2024): 915 - 926

 

CHARACTERIZATION OF CHEMICAL PROFILING, CYTOTOXICITY, AND ANTIMICROBIAL ANALYSES OF CAROB HONEY FROM NORTHERN CYPRUS

 

(Ciri-Ciri Profil Kimia, Sitotoksik, dan Analisis, Antimikrob Madu Karob Dari Cyprus Utara)

 

Bashir Ado Ahmad1,3,*, and Erkay Özgör2,3

 

1Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Cyprus International University,

Nicosia, North Cyprus, Mersin 10, Turkey

2Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Cyprus International University,

Nicosia, North Cyprus, Mersin 10, Turkey

3Cyprus Bee and Bee Products Research Centre, Cyprus International University,

Nicosia, North Cyprus, Mersin 10, Turkey

 

*Corresponding author: basharado88@gmail.com

 

 

Received: 27 March 2024; Accepted: 11 June 2024; Published:  27 August 2024

 

 

Abstract

Currently, the preferred options (chemotherapy, radiotherapy, etc.) for the treatment of breast cancer indiscriminately attack healthy cells and cause hair loss. There is also a global concern about the rise of antibiotic resistance by infectious microorganisms. Therefore, searching for an alternative with fewer side effects and improved activity becomes paramount. This study explored the chemical components, cytotoxicity, and antimicrobial potentials of carob honey from Northern Cyprus. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used for the identification of the chemical constituents. Well diffusion assay was used for antimicrobial assessment, and MTT assay was employed to determine the MDA-MB-231 cell viability. A total of 69 compounds, which include hydroxymethyl furfural, quercetin, and furan carboxaldehyde were detected in the honey. At 8000 μg/mL, the zones of inhibition are 13±1.7, 12±1.0, 11±1.7, 10±2.0, 8±1.0, 9±2.6, and 7±1 mm for S. typhi, E. coli, K. pneumoniae, S. aureus, S. pneumoniae, A. niger and A. flavus respectively. Only E. coli and K. pneumoniae responded at 2000 μg/mL. Carob honey also suppressed the proliferation of MDA-MB-231 in a concentration and time-dependent manner. At 300 μg/mL, 20 %, 50 % and 55 % of the MDA-MB-231 cells were inhibited after 24, 48 and 72 hours respectively. However, the overall cytotoxic effect of carob honey on the MDA-MB-231 cell line is substantially low.

 

Keywords: bioactivities, Carob honey, MTT assay, volatile constituents

 

Abstrak

Pada masa ini, pilihan rawatan yang disukai (kemoterapi, radioterapi, dan lain-lain) untuk rawatan kanser payudara menyerang sel-sel yang sihat tanpa diskriminasi dan menyebabkan keguguran rambut. Terdapat juga kebimbangan global mengenai peningkatan rintangan antibiotik oleh mikroorganisma berjangkit. Oleh itu, mencari alternatif dengan kesan sampingan yang lebih sedikit dan peningkatan aktiviti menjadi penting. Kajian ini meneroka komponen kimia, ketoksikan sitotoksik, dan potensi antimikrobial madu carob dari Cyprus Utara. Kromatografi gas-spektrometri jisim digunakan untuk mengenal pasti konstituen kimia. Ujian difusi telaga digunakan untuk penilaian antimikrobial, dan ujian MTT digunakan untuk menentukan daya hidup sel MDA-MB-231. Sebanyak 69 sebatian, termasuk hidroksimetil furfural, kuersetin, dan furan karboksaldehid telah dikesan dalam madu tersebut. Pada 8000 μg/mL, zon perencatan adalah 13±1.7, 12±1.0, 11±1.7, 10±2.0, 8±1.0, 9±2.6, dan 7±1 mm masing-masing untuk S. typhi, E. coli, K. pneumoniae, S. aureus, S. pneumoniae, A. niger dan A. flavus. Hanya E. coli dan K. pneumoniae yang memberi tindak balas pada 2000 μg/mL. Madu carob juga menekan percambahan MDA-MB-231 dengan cara bergantung kepada kepekatan dan masa. Pada 300 μg/mL, 20%, 50% dan 55% sel MDA-MB-231 dihalang selepas 24, 48 dan 72 jam masing-masing. Walau bagaimanapun kesan sitotoksik keseluruhan madu carob terhadap garis sel MDA-MB-231 adalah rendah.

 

Kata kunci: aktiviti bio, madu carob, ujian MTT, konstituen meruap

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