Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences, Vol 28 No 4 (2024): 872 - 885

 

ISOTHERM AND KINETIC ANALYSIS FOR THE ADSORPTION OF BISPHENOL S ONTO TEA STALK BASED ACTIVATED CARBON

 

(Analysis Isoterma dan Kinetik bagi Penjerarapan Bisfenol S Mengunakan Karbon Teraktif Tangkai Teh)

 

Erniza Mohd Johan Jaya1, Mohamad Firdaus Mohamad Yusop1*, Muhamad Azman Miskam2,

Muhammad Fadhirul Izwan Abdul Malik3, and Mohd Azmier Ahmad1*

 

1School of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia,14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia

2School of Mechanical Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia

3Science and Engineering Research Centre (SERC), Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia

 

*Corresponding authors: mfirdausyusop@yahoo.com; chazmier@usm.my

 

 

Received: 27 March 2024; Accepted: 7 June 2024; Published:  27 August 2024

 

 

Abstract

The objective of this investigation is to create activated carbon from tea stalk (TSAC) with the purpose of adsorbing the microplastic Bisphenol S (BPS) from wastewater. Wastewater containing BPS poses a threat to human and aquatic ecosystems, as conventional treatment plants struggle to effectively eliminate this hazardous pollutant. The production of TSAC involves physical activation with CO2 as the activating agent, resulting in a BET surface area of 712.49 m2/g and a total pore volume of 0.25 cm3/g. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed to analyse both the precursor and TSAC. At an enlargement of 1000×, the SEM image of the precursor revealed a non-porous and dense surface, while the TSAC exhibited a distinctly porous surface. This highly porous adsorbent undergoes the equilibrium study, which demonstrates that as the original concentration of BPS increases from 5 to 50 mg/L, the adsorption uptake rises while the corresponding percentage removal decreases. This study also found that the optimum removal of BPS by TSAC occurs at a solution temperature of 60 °C. Isotherm studies reveal that the BPS-TSAC adsorption system follows the Langmuir model, with a maximum monolayer adsorption capacity (Qm) of 41.25 mg/g. In kinetic studies, the pseudo-second order (PSO) model provides the best fit for the adsorption of BPS by TSAC. Boyd plot analysis identifies film diffusion as the step that governs the rate of the adsorption process. The CO2 gasification impact has induced the formation of well-developed pores on TSAC, thereby improving its capacity to adsorb BPS microplastics.

 

Keywords: activated carbon, adsorption, bisphenol S, isotherm, kinetic

 

Abstrak

Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mensintesis karbon teraktif dari tangkai teh (TSAC) untuk penjerapan mikroplastik Bisfenol S (BPS) dari sisa kumbahan.  Sisa kumbahan yang mengandungi BPS adalah ancaman terhadap manusia dan ekosistem akuatik, kerana rawatan konvensional menghadapi kesulitan dalam menyingkirkan pencemar merbahaya ini secara berkesan. Penghasilan TSAC melibatkan pengaktifan fizikal menggunakan CO2 sebagai ejen pengaktif telah menghasilkan luas permukaan BET sebanyak 712.49 m2/g dan jumpah isipadu liang sebanyak 0.25 cm3/g. Mikrosopi imbasan elektron (SEM) digunakan untuk menganalis pelopor dan TSAC. Pada pembesaran 1000x, imej SEM pelopor menunjukkan permukaan yang tidak berliang dan padat, manakala TSAC menunjukkan permukaan yang berliang dengan jelas. Penjerap berongga ini menjalani kajian keseimbangan dimana ia menunjukkan bahawa semasa kepekatan asal BPS meningkat dari 5 hingga 50 mg/L, penjerapan turut meningkat manakala peratus penyinkiran pula didapati menurun. Kajian ini juga mendapati penyingkiran optimum BPS oleh TSAC berlaku pada suhu larutan 60 °C. Kajian isoterma mendedahkan bahawa sistem penjerapan BPS-TSAC mengikut model Langmuir, dengan kapasiti penjerapan lapisan tunggal maksima (Qm) sebanyak 41.25 mg/g. Dalam kajian kinetik, model kinetik pseudo tertib kedua (PSO) memberikan kepadanan terbaik untuk penjerapan BPS oleh TSAC. Analisis plot Byod mendapati bahawa resapan filem adalah langkah pengehad yang mengawal proses penjerapan. Impak gasifikasi CO2 telah menhasilkan pembentukan liang yang baik pada TSAC, dengan itu meningkatkan kapasiti penjerapan mikroplastik BPS.

 

Kata kunci: karbon teraktif, penjerapan, bisfenol S, isotherma, kinetik

 

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