Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences, Vol 28 No 3 (2024): 603 - 610

FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF BODY SCRUB USING

PINEAPPLE WASTE AS NATURAL EXFOLIATOR

(Formulasi dan Penilaian Skrub Badan Menggunakan Sisa Nanas sebagai Pengelupas Semulajadi)

Nur Aisha Ahmi, and Siti Fatimah Sabran*

Department of Technology and Natural Resources, Faculty of Applied Sciences and Technology, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (Pagoh Campus), Pagoh Higher Education Hub, Muar, 84600, Johor, Malaysia

*Corresponding author: fatimahsb@uthm.edu.my

Received: 6 January 2024; Accepted: 2 April 2024; Published: 29 June 2024

Abstract

The study explores potential of repurposing pineapple waste which known to contain antioxidants and bromelain as a body scrub to combat increasing amount of pineapple waste generated during pineapple production. The cream body scrub was formulated using varying concentrations of pineapple powder namely S0 (0%), S1 (3.5%), S2 (4.5%), and S3 (5.5%). The resulting formulations were evaluated for their physical and sensorial characteristics, including color, consistency, pH, viscosity, spreadability, foamability, odor, washability, grittiness, irritability, and exfoliation capability. Additionally, an online market survey was also conducted. Analysis showed that S0 had the highest pH value (7.97), viscosity (8120 cP), and spreadability (21411.71g). S1 with the lowest pineapple concentration exhibited the lowest irritancy (6.68) and the highest acceptance of pineapple body scrub with fragrance (6.48) and without fragrance (6.48), while S2 showed the highest acceptance for grittiness (6.45) and washability (7.18). S3 exhibited the highest foamability (2.1 mL within 30 minutes) and was the darkest (L=51.59±2.39) among other samples. The presence of pineapple powder is related to the exfoliation capacity of the body scrub (with a significant correlation, p <0.05). Body scrubs with 3.5% and 4.5% pineapple powder have the highest acceptance among respondents and are recommended for future research development.

Keywords: pineapple, waste, natural exfoliator, formulation, evaluation

Abstrak

Kajian ini meneroka potensi penggunaan semula sisa nanas yang diketahui untuk mengandungi antioksidan dan bromelain sebagai skrub badan untuk menangani peningkatan jumlah sisa nanas yang dihasilkan semasa pengeluaran nanas. Skrub badan krim diformulasikan menggunakan kepekatan serbuk nanas yang berbeza-beza iaitu S0 (0%), S1 (3.5%), S2 (4.5%), dan S3 (5.5%). Formulasi yang terhasil dinilai untuk ciri fizikal dan derianya, termasuk warna, ketekalan, pH, kelikatan, kebolehtebaran, kebolehbuih, bau, kebolehbasuh, kekasaran, kerengsaan, dan keupayaan pengelupasan. Selain itu, tinjauan pasaran dalam talian juga telah dilaksanakan. Analisis menunjukkan bahawa S0 mempunyai nilai pH tertinggi (7.97), kelikatan (8120 cP), dan kebolehtebaran (21411.71g). S1 dengan kepekatan nanas yang paling rendah menunjukkan kerengsaan yang paling rendah (6.68) dan penerimaan skrub badan nanas yang paling tinggi dengan pewangi (6.48) dan tanpa pewangi (6.48), manakala S2 menunjukkan penerimaan yang paling tinggi untuk kekasaran (6.45) dan kebolehbasuh (7.18). S3 mempamerkan kebolehbuih tertinggi (2.1 mL dalam masa 30 minit) dan merupakan yang paling gelap (L=51.59±2.39) antara sampel lain. Kehadiran serbuk nanas adalah berkaitan dengan keupayaan pengelupasan skrub badan (dengan korelasi yang ketara, p <0.05). Skrub badan dengan serbuk nanas 3.5% dan 4.5% mempunyai penerimaan tertinggi dalam kalangan responden dan disyorkan untuk perkembangan kajian masa hadapan.

Kata kunci: nanas, sisa, pengelupas semula jadi, formulasi, penilaian

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