Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences, Vol 28 No 3 (2024): 480 - 488

THE CONVERSION OF CELLULOSE TO GLUCOSE USING NOBLE METAL PLATINUM SUPPORTED ON ZEOLITE

(Penukaran Selulosa kepada Glukosa Menggunakan Mangkin Logam Adi

Platinum Disokong pada Zeolit)

Puteri Nurain Syahirah Megat Muhammad Kamal, Nor Farisha Farhana Mohd Zaid,

and Amin Safwan Alikasturi^*

Universiti Kuala Lumpur Branch Campus Malaysian Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering Technology,

Lot 1988 Vendor City, Taboh Naning, 78000 Alor Gajah, Melaka, Malaysia

^*Corresponding author: aminsafwan@unikl.edu.my

Received: 15 September 2023; Accepted: 31 March 2024; Published: 29 June 2024

Abstract

Today, the chemical industry faces tremendous pressure to make breakthroughs in green materials, biofuels, and sustainable chemicals. In fact, the goal is to move industrial methods and technologies toward those that are cost-effective and environmentally friendly. Chemical transformation of renewable resources is essential to ensure the long-term sustainability of chemicals and to make sure that energy is sufficient for society in the future. The focus of this study was on the conversion of cellulose to glucose using platinum supported on zeolite as a catalyst. Wet impregnation method was employed to synthesize the catalyst, which was then characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis. According to the catalyst characterization performed using TGA, the nitrate precursors of the catalyst decomposed at temperatures between 200 and 280 °C. The finding was verified by FTIR, which showed a diminishing intensity of the peak around 1450–1300 cm⁻¹, indicating that the catalyst was free of precursors. Subsequently, the catalyst was calcined at 500 °C for 5 h. It is noteworthy that this catalyst has a large surface area of up to 648.13 m²/g. A catalytic reaction study on the conversion of cellulose to glucose was carried out to investigate several factors, including substrate loading and catalyst loading. It was discovered that 0.4 g of cellulose and 0.1 g of platinum supported on zeolite contributed to a high yield of glucose and conversion of cellulose (22.07% and 54.9%, respectively). The study shows that the chemical transformation of cellulose to glucose is possible with the supported noble metal catalyst.

Keywords: cellulose, glucose, heterogeneous catalyst, platinum supported on zeolite, supported noble metal catalyst

Abstrak

Industri kimia pada masa kini menghadapi tekanan yang sangat besar untuk melakukan penemuan dalam bahan hijau, bahan bakar-bio, dan bahan kimia yang mapan. Malah, matlamatnya adalah untuk menggerakkan kaedah dan teknologi perindustrian ke arah yang kos efektif dan mesra alam. Transformasi kimia bagi bahan boleh diperbaharui adalah penting untuk memastikan keberlanjutan jangka panjang bahan kimia dan tenaga yang mencukupi untuk masyarakat pada masa hadapan. Oleh itu, fokus kajian ini adalah kepada penukaran selulosa kepada glukosa menggunakan platinum yang disokong pada zeolit sebagai mangkin. Kaedah pengisitepuan basah digunakan untuk mensintesis mangkin, dan ia kemudiannya dicirikan oleh analisis termogravimetri (TGA), spektroskopi inframerah transformasi Fourier (FTIR), dan analisis Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET). Menurut pencirian mangkin yang dilakukan menggunakan TGA, prekursor nitrat daripada mangkin boleh diuraikan pada suhu antara 200 dan 280 °C. Penemuan ini telah disahkan oleh FTIR yang menunjukkan keamatan puncak yang semakin berkurangan sekitar 1450–1300 cm⁻¹, menunjukkan mangkin adalah bebas daripada prekursor. Seterusnya, mangkin dikalsin pada 500 °C selama 5 jam. Selain itu, mangkin ini didapati mempunyai luas permukaan yang besar sehingga 648.13 m²/g. Kajian tindak balas mangkin mengenai penukaran selulosa kepada glukosa telah dijalankan untuk menyiasat beberapa faktor, termasuk pemuatan substrat dan pemuatan mangkin. 0.4 g selulosa dan 0.1 g platinum yang disokong pada zeolit didapati menyumbang kepada hasil glukosa dan penukaran selulosa yang tinggi (masing-masing 22.07% dan 54.9%). Kajian menunjukkan bahawa transformasi kimia selulosa kepada glukosa menunjukkan potensi dengan pemangkin logam adi yang disokong.

Kata kunci: selulosa. glukosa, mangkin heterogen, platinum disokong pada zeolit, mangkin logam adi sokongan

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