Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences, Vol 28 No 2 (2024): 290 - 304

A PORTABLE micro-volume colorimetric assay for aluminium determination using natural reagent extracts from Sappan heartwood by ultrasound-assisted extraction

(Satu Kaedah Uji Warna Isipadu-Mikro yang Mudah Alih untuk Penentuan Aluminium Menggunakan Ekstrak Bahan Semulajadi dari Teras Kayu Sappan Melalui Pengekstrakan Dibantu Ultrasonik)

Watsaka Siriangkhawut^1* and Yaowalak Khanhuathon²

¹Creative Chemistry and Innovation Research Unit, Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham 44150, Thailand

²Chemistry Program, Faculty of Education, Chiang Rai Rajabhat University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand

^*Corresponding author: watsaka@hotmail.com

Received: 18 December 2023; Accepted:12 February 2024; Published: 29 April 2024

Abstract

An environmentally friendly small-scale ultrasound-assisted extraction and portable micro-volume colorimetry was proposed for the determination of aluminium in pharmaceutical formulations by extraction of Sappan heartwood in acetate buffer pH 5.5. Sonication parameters influencing the extraction of non-synthetic reagents from Sappan heartwood for quantification of aluminium including type of solvent, mass/volume ratio of solvent, extraction time and temperature were investigated. Efficiency of the ultrasound-assisted extraction procedure of aluminium from aluminium hydroxide gel was evaluated by comparing label values and the official method for pharmaceutical formulations. Under optimal conditions, a linear calibration graph ranging from 0.5 to 10 mg L^-1 was obtained from micro-volume colorimetric determinations (at 530 nm) with limits of detection and quantification of 0.07 and 0.37 mg L^-1, respectively. Relative standard deviations were 2.3 and 1.3% for 1 and 3 mg L^-1, respectively. The developed system was successfully applied for the analysis of various forms of aluminium in pharmaceutical formulations (suspension and tablet). Good recoveries between 91 and 107% were obtained.

Keywords: Micro-volume colorimetry, ultrasound-assisted extraction, natural reagent, Sappan heartwood, aluminium

Abstrak

Satu kaedah pengekstrakan dibantu ultrasonik berskala kecil yang mesra alam dan uji warna isipadu-mikro mudah alih telah dicadangkan untuk penentuan aluminium dalam formulasi farmaseutikal dengan mengekstrak teras kayu Sappan dalam penimbal asetat pH 5.5. Parameter sonikasi yang mempengaruhi pengeluaran bahan kimia bukan sintetik dari teras kayu Sappan untuk pengukuran aluminium termasuk jenis pelarut, nisbah jisim/isipadu pelarut, masa pengekstrakan, dan suhu telah disiasat. Kecekapan prosedur pengekstrakan bantuan ultrasonik aluminium dari gel hidroksida aluminium di nilai dengan membandingkan nilai label dan kaedah rasmi untuk formulasi farmaseutikal. Di bawah keadaan optimum, graf pemilihan linear dengan julat dari 0.5 hingga 10 mg L^-1 diperolehi dari penentuan warna isipadu-mikro (pada 530 nm) dengan had pengesanan dan pengukuran masing-masing adalah 0.07 dan 0.37 mg L^-1. Sisihan piawai relatif adalah 2.3 dan 1.3% untuk 1 dan 3 mg L^-1, secara berturut-turut. Sistem yang dibangunkan telah berjaya digunakan untuk analisis pelbagai bentuk aluminium dalam formulasi farmaseutikal (ampaian dan tablet). Perolehan semula yang baik antara 91 dan 107% telah diperolehi.

Kata kunci: Uji warna isipadu-mikro, pengekstrakan dibantu ultrasonik, bahan semulajadi, teras kayu Sappan, aluminium

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