Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences, Vol 28 No 1 (2024): 220 - 235

 

INHIBITION EFFECTS OF TRIDENTATE HYDRAZONE LIGANDS

AS CORROSION INHIBITORS ON MILD STEEL IN

SATURATED CO2 ENVIRONMENT

 

(Kesan Perencatan Ligan Hidrazon Tridentat Sebagai Perencat Kakisan Pada Keluli Lembut

Dalam Persekitaran CO2 Tepu)

 

Balqis Auni Badrul Hisyam1, Zainiharyati Mohd Zain2, Nurulfazlina Edayah Rasol1,3 and

Amalina Mohd Tajuddin 1,3*

 

1Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia

2Electrochemical Material and Sensor (EMaS), Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM),

40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia

3Atta-ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Product Discovery (AuRIns), UiTM Puncak Alam,

42300, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia

 

*Corresponding author: amalina9487@uitm.edu.my

 

 

Received: 15 September 2023; Accepted: 25 November 2023; Published:  28 February 2024

 

 

Abstract

Two tridentate hydrazone ligands (AL01, AL02) were synthesized by condensation of an aldehyde and two hydrazides, benzohydrazide and 2-hydroxybenzohydrazide with OH substituent at the ortho position of the benzene ring. They were characterized using melting point, FTIR, NMR, elemental analysis, UV-Vis as well as mass spectroscopy. The formation of hydrazone ligands was confirmed by the appearance of v(C=N) peak in the range of 1608 to 1648 cm-1. The significant peak of N-H protons for AL01 and AL02 appeared at 8.82 and 8.41 ppm respectively, while the peak of phenolic proton (O-H) for AL01 was found at 12.28 ppm. Two peaks were observed in the wavelength range of 198-220 nm that can be attributed to π-π*(C=C) and n-π*(C=C) transitions of aromatic benzene, while the peaks for π -π*(C=N) were observed in the range of 297–303 nm. The mass-to-charge (m/z) [M+H]+ values of AL01 and AL02, which are 242.09 and 226.10, respectively, further confirmed their structures. The effectiveness of hydrazone ligands as corrosion inhibitors on mild steel in 3.5% NaCl solution saturated with CO2 was examined using polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The elemental constituents of the protective layer forms on mild steel immersed in the solution were further observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy-dispersive X-Ray (EDX)). Therefore, new corrosion inhibitors of tridentate hydrazone ligands, AL01 and AL02 were successfully synthesized and characterized using FTIR, NMR, elemental analysis, mass spectroscopy and UV-Vis. From polarization and EIS study, AL01 can be concluded to have higher inhibition efficiency, 84.30% at 500 ppm concentration compared to AL02, 74.90%. SEM-EDX analysis has confirmed the formation of the inhibitors’ layer on mild steel as the surface of the mild steel immersed in solution with the presence of inhibitors have a smoother surface compared to that of untreated mild steel in 3.5% NaCl solution saturated with CO2.

 

Keywords: CO2, corrosion inhibitor, mild steel, protective layer, tridentate hydrazone

 

Abstrak

Dua ligan hidrazon tridentat (AL01, AL02) telah disintesis melalui pemeluwapan antara aldehid dan dua hidrazida, benzohidrazida dan 2-hidroksibenzohidrazida, dengan kumpulan pengganti OH pada kedudukan orto hidrazida. Mereka dicirikan menggunakan takat lebur, FTIR, NMR, analisis unsur, UV-Vis serta spektroskopi jisim. Pembentukan ligan hidrazon telah disahkan oleh kemunculan puncak v(C=N) dalam julat 1608 hingga 1648 cm-1. Puncak utama proton N-H untuk AL01 dan AL02 masing-masing muncul pada 8.82 dan 8.41 ppm, manakala puncak proton fenolik (O-H) untuk AL01 didapati pada 12.28 ppm. Dua puncak diperhatikan dalam julat 198-220 nm yang boleh dikaitkan kepada peralihan π-π*(C=C) dan n-π*(C=C) Kumpulan benzena aromatik manakala pucak bagi peralihan π-π*(C=N) telah diperhatikan dalam julat 297-303 nm. Nilai jisim-ke-cas (m/z) [M+H]+ bagi AL01 dan AL02, iaitu 242.09 dan 226.10, masing-masing, memberikan pengesahan lanjut tentang strukturnya. Keberkesanan ligan hidrazon sebagai perencat kakisan pada keluli lembut dalam larutan NaCl 3.5% tepu dengan CO2 telah diperiksa menggunakan polarisasi dan spektroskopi impedans elektrokimia (EIS). Kehadiran unsur pada lapisan pelindung yang terbentuk pada keluli lembut yang direndam dalam larutan diperhatikan selanjutnya menggunakan mikroskop elektron pengimbasan (SEM) ditambah dengan X-Ray penyebaran tenaga (EDX). Oleh itu, perencat kakisan baru, ligan hidrazon tridentat, AL01 dan AL02 telah berjaya disintesis dan dicirikan menggunakan FTIR, NMR, analisis unsur, spektroskopi jisim dan UV-Vis. Daripada kajian polarisasi dan EIS, dapat disimpulkan bahawa AL01 mempunyai kecekapan perencatan yang lebih tinggi iaitu, 84.30% pada 500 ppm berbanding AL02 iaitu, 74.90%. Analisis SEM-EDX telah mengesahkan pembentukan lapisan perencat pada keluli lembut kerana permukaan keluli lembut dengan kehadiran perencat mempunyai permukaan yang lebih licin berbanding keluli lembut yang tidak dirawat dengan perencat kakisan dalam larutan 3.5% NaCl tepu dengan CO2.

 

Kata kunci: CO2, perencat kakisan, keluli lembut, lapisan pelindung, hidrazon tridentat

 

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