Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences, Vol 28 No 1 (2024): 188 - 219

A REVIEW ON THE SYNTHESIS STRATEGIES AND FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO THE FORMATION OF ZEOLITIC IMIDAZOLATE FRAMEWORKS (ZIFs) AND THEIR APPLICATIONS

(Ulasan Strategi Sintesis dan Faktor yang Menyumbang Pembentukan Kerangka Zeolit Imidazolat (ZIFs) dan Aplikasi)

Nazhirah Muhammad Nasri^1,2, Enis Nadia Md Yusof³, Velan Raman^1,2, Abdul Halim Abdullah^1,4,

and Mohamed Ibrahim Mohamed Tahir^1,2*

¹Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

²Foundry of Reticular Materials for Sustainability (FORMS), Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ION2), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia

³Chemical Sciences Programme, School of Distance Education, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Penang 11800, Malaysia

⁴Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ION2), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia

^*Corresponding author: ibra@upm.edu.my

Received: 6 November 2023; Accepted: 5 January 2024; Published: 28 February 2024

Abstract

Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks (ZIFs) are a subclass of Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) that have attracted significant attention due to their unique properties such as high surface area, tunable pore size, and excellent thermal and chemical stability. The review aims to discuss reported single and mixed-linker of ZIFs. The synthesis of ZIFs can be achieved through various methods such as solvothermal, hydrothermal, ionothermal, microwave-assisted, sonochemical, contra-diffusion synthesis, and mechanochemical. The review discusses the benefits and disadvantages of each method as well as a critical analysis of their effectiveness. The synthesis factors of ZIFs are classified into several types such as organic solvents, additives, concentration, temperatures, metal salt variations and the reaction time. Furthermore, the paper highlights several applications of ZIFs, including their impact on adsorption of pollutants, catalysis and drug delivery system. The paper concludes by summarising the recent advances in ZIFs research which leads to future directions for further research in this field.

Keywords: zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs), method, factors, application

Abstrak

Kerangka kerja zeolit imidazolat (ZIF) adalah subkelas kerangka kerja logam organik (MOF) yang telah menarik perhatian kerana sifat uniknya seperti permukaan yang luas, saiz liang yang boleh dilaraskan dan mempunyai kestabilan terma dan kimia yang sangat baik. Ulasan ini bertujuan untuk membincangkan ZIF dengan satu dan pelbagai penyambung yang telah dilaporkan sebelum ini. Sintesis ZIF boleh dicapai melalui pelbagai kaedah seperti solvoterma, hidroterma, ionoterma, bantuan gelombang mikro, sonokimia, sintesis kontra-resapan dan mekanokimia. Kajian ini membincangkan kelebihan dan kekurangan setiap kaedah serta menyediakan analisis yang kritikal tentang keberkesanan sesuatu kaedah. Faktor sintesis ZIF juga dikelaskan kepada beberapa jenis seperti pelarut organik, bahan tambahan, kepekatan, suhu, variasi garam logam dan masa tindak balas. Tambahan pula, kertas kerja ini membincangkan beberapa aplikasi ZIF, termasuk kesan ZIF terhadap penjerapan bahan pencemar, pemangkin dan sistem penghantaran ubat. Kertas kajian ini jugak meringkaskan kemajuan terkini dalam penyelidikan ZIF yang membawa ke menyerlahkan hala tuju masa depan untuk bidang ini dengan lebih lanjut.

Kata kunci: kerangka zeolit imidazolat, kaedah, faktor, aplikasi

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