Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences, Vol 28 No 1 (2024): 157 - 173

 

ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES OF BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS FROM MEDICINAL PLANTS WITH THE POTENTIAL TO ADDRESS ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE AND ASSOCIATED SYMPTOMS: A BRIEF OVERVIEW

 

(Teknik Analisis bagi Sebatian Bioaktif daripada Tumbuhan Ubatan dengan Potensi untuk Merawat Penyakit Alzheimer dan Gejala Berkaitan: Ulasan Ringkas)

 

Syaza Syazwani Shaifol1,2, Noorfatimah Yahaya1,3*, Siti Nurfazilah Awang1,2, Nur ‘Ain Syaheeda Azizan1,2,

Nur Nadhirah Mohamad Zain1,3, Nik Nur Syazni Nik Mohamad Kamal1,3, Mazidatulakmam Miskam2,

and Wan Nazwanie Wan Abdullah2

 

1Department of Toxicology, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute (AMDI), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bertam, 13200 Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia

2School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM Pulau, Pinang, Malaysia

3Dementia Multidisciplinary Research Program of IPPT (DMR-IPPT), Advanced Medical and Dental Institute (AMDI), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bertam, 13200 Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia

 

*Corresponding author: noorfatimah@usm.my

 

 

Received: 18 August 2023; Accepted: 17 December 2023; Published:   February 2024

 

Abstract

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurological disorder of the brain, named after the German physician Alois Alzheimer, who first documented it in 1906. AD is the most prevalent form of dementia, affecting approximately ten million individuals worldwide. The literature on the extraction and available analytical methods is very helpful in treating AD owing to the diverse and synergistic effects of bioactive compounds. The extraction methodologies allow researchers to concentrate and isolate specific compounds, optimizing their potency and purity for effective treatment. By reviewing these isolated compounds, scientists could have better understanding of their mechanisms, and tailor the dosage and formulation for precise treatments with fewer side effects. This method utilizes the natural qualities of plants and provides a hopeful path for creating safer and more focused treatments for AD. While certain herbal remedies may aid in enhancing brain function, scientific evidence supporting their effectiveness in treating AD remains limited. Thus, the main objective of this review is mainly to provide insight pertaining to AD as well as the analytical techniques of bioactive compounds from medicinal plants that show the potential to treat AD and its associated symptoms.

 

Keywords: Alzheimer’s disease, medicinal plants, analytical techniques, natural products

 

Abstrak

Penyakit Alzheimer (AD) adalah gangguan neurologi progresif dalam otak, dinamakan sempena doktor Germany, Alois Alzheimer, yang pertama kali mendokumentasikannya pada tahun 1906. AD merupakan bentuk demensia yang paling meluas, memberi kesan terhadap lebih kurang sepuluh juta individu di seluruh dunia. Kajian literatur mengenai kaedah pengekstrakan dan analisis yang sedia ada amat membantu dalam rawatan AD disebabkan kesan pelbagai dan sinergistik sebatian bioaktif ini. Kaedah-kaedah pengekstrakan membolehkan saintis mengumpul dan mengasingkan sebatian khusus, mengoptimumkan keberkesanan dan ketulenan mereka untuk rawatan yang berkesan. Dengan mengkaji sebatian-sebatian yang diasingkan ini, saintis dapat memahami mekanisme mereka dengan lebih baik, menyesuaikan dos dan rumusan rawatan yang tepat dengan kesan sampingan yang kurang. Kaedah ini menggunakan sifat semula jadi tumbuhan dan kaedah yang boleh digunakan untuk mencipta rawatan yang lebih selamat dan tertumpu untuk AD. Walaupun beberapa ubatan herba mungkin membantu meningkatkan fungsi otak, bukti saintifik yang menyokong keberkesanan mereka dalam merawat AD masih terhad. Oleh itu, objektif utama kajian ini adalah untuk memberikan pandangan ringkas tentang AD serta teknik analisis sebatian bioaktif daripada tumbuhan ubatan yang menunjukkan potensi dalam merawat AD dan gejala yang berkaitan dengannya.

 

Kata kunci: penyakit Alzheimer, tumbuhan ubatan, teknik analisis, produk semulajadi

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