Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences, Vol 27 No 6 (2023): 1257 – 1273

 

ELECTROCHEMICAL ELIMINATION OF METHYLENE BLUE DYE USING CARBON CLOTH MATERIAL

 

(Penghapusan Elektokimia Pewarna Biru Metilena Menggunakan Bahan

Kain Karbon)

 

Fouad Fadhil Al-Qaim1, Zainab Haider Mussa2, Shaymaa Hadi Al-Rubaye3, Nur Sofiah Abu Kassim4,

and Nurul Auni Zainal Abidin4*

 

1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science for Women,

University of Babylon, PO Box 4, Hilla, Iraq

2College of Biotechnology,

Al-Qasim Green University, Al-Qasim, Iraq

3Hammurabi College Medicine,

University of Babylon, PO Box 4, Hilla, Iraq

4School of Chemistry and Environment, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM),

Cawangan Negeri Sembilan, Kampus Kuala Pilah, 72000 Kuala Pilah, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia

 

*Corresponding author: nurulauni@uitm.edu.my

 

 

Received: 5 May 2023; Accepted: 24 October 2023; Published:  29 December 2023

 

 

Abstract

The effectiveness of the electrochemical technique to remove methylene blue (MB) from its aqueous solution was demonstrated in the current investigation. Various electrodes were used to explore the electrochemical process namely: aluminium (Al), copper (Cu) and carbon cloth (CC) as anode while the cathode was carbon cloth to select the highest removal%. Carbon cloth was selected as the best electrode due to its high efficiency for removal of MB dye compared to others. The effects of applied voltage, electrolysis time, and sodium chloride were investigated to identify the optimal conditions. Response surface approaches were used, however, to fully conceptualize how the factors interacted and get the best methylene blue dye elimination percentage using the electrochemical process. Rate constants ranged between 0.163 and 0.345 min-1, demonstrating that high-rate constant accompanied pseudo first order kinetics, which was the dominating model throughout the investigation with high applied voltage and NaCl amount. Consumption energy was considered and measured; it was 0.104 Wh/mg at the maximum value applying 5 V referring that high consumption energy followed by high applied voltage. Utilizing response surface methodology (RSM), the electrochemical operating factor was optimized. The influence of NaCl addition rate, treatment time, and applied voltage were analysed using the optimum model derived from Box-Behnken Design (BBD), which was quadratic with MB removal (R2 = 0.9447).

 

Keywords: methylene blue, electrochemical process, carbon cloth anode, energy consumption, pseudo first order kinetics

 

 

Abstrak

Keberkesanan teknik elektrokimia untuk mengeluarkan metilena biru (MB) daripada larutan akueusnya telah ditunjukkan di dalam kajian semasa. Pelbagai elektrod digunakan untuk meneroka proses elektrokimia iaitu: aluminium (Al), kuprum (Cu) dan kain karbon (CC) sebagai anod manakala katod adalah kain karbon untuk memilih penyingkiran tertinggi%. Kain karbon dipilih sebagai elektrod terbaik kerana kecekapannya yang tinggi untuk menanggalkan pewarna MB berbanding yang lain. Pemalar kadar berjulat antara 0.163 dan 0.345 min-1, menunjukkan bahawa pemalar kadar tinggi mengiringi kinetik tertib pertama pseudo, yang merupakan model yang mendominasi bagi penyiasatan dengan penggunaan voltan tinggi dan jumlah NaCl. Penggunaan tenaga telah dipertimbangkan dan diukur; ia adalah 0.104 Wh/mg pada nilai maksimum menggunakan 5 V merujuk tenaga penggunaan tinggi diikuti dengan voltan gunaan tinggi. Dengan menggunakan kaedah permukaan tindak balas (RSM), faktor pengendalian elektrokimia telah dioptimumkan. Pengaruh kadar penambahan NaCl, masa rawatan, dan voltan gunaan dianalisis menggunakan model optimum yang diperolehi daripada Reka Bentuk Box-Behnken (BBD), iaitu kuadratik dengan penyingkiran MB (R2 = 0.9447).

 

Kata kunci: metilena biru, proses elektrokimia, kain karbon anod, penggunaan tenaga


 

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