Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences, Vol 27 No 6 (2023): 1373 - 1388

METHYLENE BLUE AND METHYL RED FROM PINEAPPLE PEEL–BASED BIOSORBENT FOR MASS TRANSFER SIMULATION AND STATISTICAL APPROACH

(Penggunaan Metilena Biru dan Metil Merah sebagai Biosorben Berbahan Kulit Nanas dalam Simulasi Pemindahan Jisim dan Pendekatan Statistik)

Nur Ayshah Rosli^1*, Mohd Azmier Ahmad¹, and Teh Ubaidah Noh²

¹School of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300, Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia

²Institute of Bioproduct Development, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia

^*Corresponding author: chnurayshah@usm.my

Received: 11 August 2023; Accepted: 3 October 2023; Published: 29 December 2023

Abstract

The study focused on the utilization of pineapple peel activated carbon (PineAC) biosorbent, produced through a low–cost and environmentally friendly method, for the adsorption of methylene blue (MB) and methyl red (MR) dyes. PineAC was characterized using various techniques such as surface analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy–dispersive X–ray (EDX), and Fourier–transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. ANOVA analysis was conducted to assess the significance of different factors, with p–values below 0.05 considered statistically significant. The obtained F–values, compared to F–crit values, indicated the overall significance of the tests. The kinetic data agreed with the Polymath Mass Transfer (PMT) model, which accurately captured the adsorption behaviour. The PMT model precisely predicted the adsorption surface area (a_m) as 612.60 m²/g, closely aligning with the actual mesopores surface area of 547.85 m²/g for the MB dye. Conversely, the PMT model for the MR dye failed to match the actual calculation, suggesting that the MR dye exhibited unfavourable adsorption characteristics towards PineAC. This demonstrated the reliability and robustness of the PMT model in describing the adsorption process. Exploring the potential functionalization of PineAC could offer opportunities for enhanced performance and broader applications in sustainable wastewater treatment.

Keywords: polymath mass transfer, activated carbon, mass transfer, methylene blue, methyl red

Abstrak

Kajian ini memberi tumpuan kepada penggunaan karbon teraktif kulit nanas (PineAC), dihasilkan melalui kaedah yang murah dan mesra alam, untuk penjerapan pewarna metilena biru (MB) dan metil merah (MR). PineAC telah dicirikan menggunakan pelbagai teknik seperti analisis permukaan, mikroskopi imbasan elektron (SEM), sinar–X tersebar tenaga (EDX), dan spektroskopi inframerah transformasi Fourier (FTIR). Analisis ANOVA telah dijalankan untuk menilai kepentingan faktor–faktor berbeza, dengan nilai p yang kurang daripada 0.05 dianggap signifikan secara statistik. Nilai F yang diperoleh, berbanding dengan nilai F–kritikal, menunjukkan kepentingan keseluruhan ujian tersebut. Data kinetik selari dengan model pemindahan jisim polimat (PMT), yang menggambarkan dengan tepat tingkah laku penjerapan. Selain itu, model PMT secara tepat meramalkan kawasan permukaan penjerapan (a_m) sebagai 612.60 m²/g, hampir seiring dengan kawasan permukaan mesopor sebenar 547.85 m²/g bagi pewarna MB. Sebaliknya, model PMT bagi pewarna MR gagal sejajar dengan perhitungan sebenar, menunjukkan bahawa pewarna MR menunjukkan ciri–ciri penjerapan yang tidak menguntungkan terhadap PineAC. Ini membuktikan kebolehpercayaan dan ketahanan model PMT dalam menggambarkan proses penjerapan. Meneroka potensi pemekaan PineAC boleh memberi peluang untuk prestasi yang lebih baik dan aplikasi yang lebih luas dalam rawatan air sisa lestari.

Kata kunci: pemindahan jisim polimat, karbon teraktif, pemindahan jisim, metilena biru, metil merah

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