Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences, Vol 27 No 6 (2023): 1337 - 1348

 

SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION, DENSITY FUNCTIONAL THEORY AND CYTOTOXICITY OF ISATIN THIOCARBOHYDRAZIDE AND ITS COPPER(II) AND ZINC(II) COMPLEXES

 

(Sintesis, Pencirian, Teori Fungsi Ketumpatan, dan Sitotoksikiti Isatin Tiokarboidrazida serta Kompleks Kuprum(II) dan Zink(II))

 

Ummi Liyana Mohamad Rodzi1, Karimah Kassim1,2*, Nageswara Rao Meroshine3, and

Nur Azzalia Kamaruzaman3

 

1Faculty of Applied Sciences,

Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia

2Institute of Science,

Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia

3National Poison Centre,

Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia

 

*Corresponding author: karimah@uitm.edu.my

 

 

Received: 22 July 2023; Accepted: 3 October 2023; Published: 29 December 2023

 

 

Abstract

Isatin and thiocarbohydrazide exhibit a broad spectrum of biological functions including antibacterial, antiviral, antioxidant and antimalarial activities. In this study, copper(II) and zinc(II) complexes derived from isatin thiocarbohydrazide were synthesized and assessed for their potential as antileukemia agents. 1H and 13C NMR, infrared spectroscopy, UV-Vis spectroscopy, thermal and elemental analysis were used to elucidate the structures of the synthesized compounds. The complexation was observed from the shifting frequencies of the v(C=N) and the appearance of new peaks assigned as v(M-N) and v(M-O) at 499 and 583-594 cm-1. The formation of the complexes is also supported by the d-d transition in UV-visible spectra. Using proper DFT functionals and basis sets, the optimized geometries and electronic energies of the complexes were ascertained. Theoretical simulations provide important insights into the stability and electrical structure of the complexes, assisting in understanding their potential biological actions. Cytotoxicity screening was conducted against the human leukemia K562 cell line and low activity was reported, thus indicating minimal toxic profile of the complexes.

 

Keywords: cytotoxicity, characterization, density functional theory, isatin, thiocarbohydrazide

 

Abstrak

Isatin dan tiokarboidrazida mempunyai fungsi biologi yang luas seperti aktiviti antibakteria, antivirus, antioksidan dan antimalaria. Dalam kajian ini, kompleks kuprum(II) dan zink(II) telah disintesis daripada isatin tiokarboidrazida dan dinilai potensinya sebagai agen antileukemia. Kaedah spektroskopi iaitu 1H dan 13C NMR, inframerah, UV-Vis, analisis haba dan unsur digunakan untuk menjelaskan struktur sebatian tersintesis. Pengkompleksan diperhatikan daripada frekuensi peralihan v(C=N) dan puncak penampilan baharu yang boleh ditetapkan kepada v(M-N) dan v(M-O) di 499dan 583-594 cm-1. Pembentukan kompleks juga disokong oleh peralihan d-d dalam spektrum UV-Cahaya Nampak. Menggunakan fungsi dan set asas DFT yang sesuai, geometri molekul dioptimumkan dan tenaga elektronik kompleks telah dikenalpasti. Simulasi teori memberikan gambaran penting tentang kestabilan dan struktur elektrik kompleks, membantu dalam pemahaman potensi tindakan biologi mereka. Saringan sitotoksisiti telah dijalankan terhadap garisan sel leukemia manusia K562 dan sitotoksisiti yang rendah dilaporkan, dengan itu menunjukkan profil toksik kompleks.

 

Kata kunci: sitotoksisiti, pencirian, teori fungsi ketumpatan, isatin, tiokarboidrazida


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