Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences, Vol 27 No 5 (2023): 1017 - 1034

 

SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MAGNESIUM OXIDE NANOPARTICLES BY USING BANANA PEEL (Musa acuminata CAVENDISH) EXTRACT

 

(Sintesis Hijau dan Pencirian Nanopartikel Magnesium Oksida Menggunakan Ekstrak Kulit Pisang (Musa acuminata Cavendish)

 

Nor Syazwanie Mohd Saidi1, Kooh Jhi Ying1, Hanis Mohd Yusoff1,2* and Nurhanna Badar1,2

 

1Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia

2Advance Nano-Materials (ANoMa) Research Group, Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia

 

*Corresponding author: hanismy@umt.edu.my

 

 

Received: 18 May 2023; Accepted: 9 August 2023; Published:  30 October 2023

 

 

Abstract

The synthesis of metal oxide nanoparticles with the use of plant extract is a promising alternative to chemical synthesis methods. In the study, magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO-NPs) were synthesized by using Musa acuminata Cavendish banana peel extract solution. The precursor materials used were Mg(NO3)2.6H2O and dried Cavendish banana peel extract solution. Different concentration of Mg(NO3)2.6H2O, different volume of extract solution, and different calcination temperature were used to conduct this study. The green synthesized MgO-NPs were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and x-ray diffraction (XRD). The FTIR spectra showed O-H stretch at 3,340 cm-1 (peel extract solution), 3,308 cm-1/3,348 cm-1 (pre-calcine sample), and 3,086.11 cm-1/3,194.12 cm-1 (calcined at 600 °C). The spectra also showed Mg-O stretching at 655.80 cm-1 and 594.08 cm-1 for pre-calcine and calcined samples, respectively. The wavelength of UV-Vis obtained for 4 sets of green synthesis was around 265 nm due to the surface plasmon resonance band. Thus, confirmed the formation of MgO-NPs. SEM images of MgO-NPs samples showed a mixture of non-uniform sizes and shapes that were agglomerated with average size range of about 90 nm to 320 nm. XRD diffraction analyses displayed the MgO-NPs as a cubic structure.

 

Keywords: green synthesis, magnesium oxide nanoparticles, Musa acuminata, sustainable materials

 

Abstrak

Sintesis nanopartikel logam oksida dengan menggunakan ekstrak tumbuhan dapat menjanjikan kaedah alternatif kepada sintesis kimia. Dalam kajian ini, nanopartikel magnesium oksida (MgO-NPs) telah disintesis menggunakan larutan ekstrak kulit pisang Musa acuminata Cavendish. Bahan prekursor yang digunakan ialah magnesium nitrat heksahidrat (Mg(NO3)2.6H2O) dan larutan ekstrak kulit pisang Cavendish yang kering. Kepekatan Mg(NO3)2.6H2O, isipadu larutan ekstrak, dan suhu pengkalsinan yang berbeza telah digunakan untuk menjalankan kajian ini. MgO-NPs yang disintesis hijau dicirikan oleh Analisis Termogravimetrik (TGA), Spektroskopi Infra Merah Transformasi Fourier (FTIR), Spektroskopi Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis), Mikroskop Imbasan Elektron (SEM) dan Pembelauan Sinar-X (XRD). Spektra FTIR telah menunjukkan kewujudan regangan O-H pada 3,340 cm-1 (larutan ekstrak), 3,308 cm-1/ 3,348 cm-1 (sampel sebelum proses kalsin) dan 3,086.11 cm-1/3,194.12 cm-1 (MgO-NPs dikalsinkan pada 600 °C). Spektra FTIR juga menunjukkan regangan Mg-O pada 655.80 cm-1 dan 594.08 cm-1 untuk sampel sebelum dan selepas proses pengkalsinan. Panjang gelombang UV-Vis bagi keempat-empat set adalah pada 265 nm adalah disebabkan oleh jalur resonans plasmon permukaan yang membuktikan pembentukan MgO-NPs. Imej SEM menunjukkan campuran bentuk dan saiz tidak sekata yang teraglomerat dengan anggaran purata saiz sekitar 90 nm hingga 320 nm. Analisis XRD memperlihatkan MgO-NPs sebagai struktur kubik.

 

Kata kunci: sintesis hijau, nanopartikel magnesium oksida, Musa acuminata, bahan lestari

 

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