Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences, Vol 27 No 5 (2023): 922 - 934

 

METABOLITE PROFILING AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF EXTRACTS FROM ENDOPHYTIC FUNGI ISOLATED FROM MANGROVE PLANT Avicennia lanata

 

(Profil Metabolit dan Aktiviti Biologi Ekstrak daripada Kulat Endofitik Dipencilkan daripada Tumbuhan Bakau Avicennia lanata)

 

Nurul Izzati Rosdi1 and Noor Wini Mazlan1,2*

 

1Faculty of Science and Marine Environment,

Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.

2Institute of Marine Biotechnology,

Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.

 

*Corresponding author: noorwini@umt.edu.my

 

 

Received: 4 April 2023; Accepted: 17 August 2023; Published:  30 October 2023

 

 

Abstract

Endophytic fungi are important in drug discovery for their unique secondary metabolites, besides the extract obtained are sustainable, reproducible and culturable under laboratory conditions as compared to their host plants. However, the use of single culture leads to the production of known compounds with similar bioactivities. Therefore, single culture and co-culture between Fusarium sp. and Curvularia sp. which have been isolated from mangrove plant Avicennia lanata were cultured on malt agar and rice media on 7, 15 and 30 days to trigger the production of metabolites that may absent in their single cultures. In this study, dereplication study was applied to speed up the identification of secondary metabolites in the extracts. Then, the data was processed utilising MZmine 2.40.1 and SIMCA P+ 15.0 software coupled with macro analysis and Dictionary of Natural Product (DNP) database for dereplication studies. The antioxidant activity of the extracts were evaluated by using DPPH scavenging assay. Amongst the extract obtained from malt agar medium, the extract of co-culture on day 7 (MAFC7) showed the most potent activity with IC50 value of 0.6 mg/mL. For the rice medium, the extract from single culture Curvularia sp. on day 15 showed the most significant activity with IC50 value of 1.1 mg/mL. While, the agar disk-diffusion method was used to evaluate the antibacterial activity of the extracts and the results indicated that the extracts exhibited activity against Gram-positive bacteria, specifically Micrococcus sp., Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus cereus. The antibacterial activity of the co-culture extracts were the most active with minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) values of 0.256 mg/mL – 5.0 mg/mL. In conclusion, the extracts obtained from co-culture showed potent antioxidant and antibacterial activities that could be further scaled-up and investigated for future pharmacological properties.

 

Keywords: Fusarium sp., Curvularia sp., co-culture, antioxidant, antibacterial

 

Abstrak

Kulat endofit adalah penting dalam penemuan ubat untuk metabolit sekunder yang unik, selain itu ekstrak yang diperolehi adalah mampan, boleh dihasilkan semula dan dikultur di bawah keadaan makmal berbanding dengan tumbuhan perumah. Walau bagaimanapun, penggunaan kultur tunggal kebiasaannya membawa kepada penghasilan sebatian yang diketahui dengan bioaktiviti yang sama. Oleh itu, kultur tunggal dan kultur bersama antara Fusarium sp. dan Curvularia sp. yang telah dipencilkan daripada tumbuhan bakau Avicennia lanata telah dikulturkan pada agar malt dan media beras pada hari ke-7, 15 dan 30 hari untuk mencetuskan penghasilan metabolit yang berbeza yang mungkin tidak hadir dalam kultur tunggal mereka. Dalam kajian ini, kajian dereplikasi telah digunakan untuk mempercepatkan pengenalpastian metabolit sekunder dalam ekstrak. Kemudian, data telah dianalisis menggunakan perisian MZmine 2.40.1 dan SIMCA P+ 15.0 beserta analisis makro dan pengkalan data Kamus Bahan Semulajadi (DNP) bagi kajian dereplikasi. Aktiviti antioksidan bagi ekstrak telah dinilai menggunakan asai skaveng DPPH. Antara ekstrak yang diperolehi daripada medium agar malt, ekstrak kultur bersama pada hari ke-7 (MAFC7) menunjukkan aktiviti yang berpotensi dengan nilai IC50 sebanyak 0.6 mg/mL. Bagi medium beras, ekstrak daripada kultur tunggal Curvularia sp. pada hari ke-15 menunjukkan aktiviti yang paling ketara dengan nilai IC50 sebanyak 1.1 mg/mL. Sementara itu, kaedah penyerapan cakera agar telah digunakan untuk menilai aktiviti antibakteria ekstrak dan keputusan menunjukkan bahawa ekstrak menunjukkan aktiviti melawan bakteria Gram-positif termasuk Micrococcus sp., Staphylococcus aureus dan Bacillus cereus. Aktiviti antibakteria bagi ekstrak kultur bersama adalah yang paling aktif dengan nilai kepekatan rencat minima (MIC) pada 0.256 mg/mL– 5.0 mg/mL. Kesimpulannya, ekstrak yang diperolehi daripada kultur bersama menunjukkan aktiviti antioksidan dan antibakteria yang bagus yang boleh dilanjutkan untuk skala besar dan disiasat untuk sifat farmakologi masa hadapan.

 

Kata kunci: Fusarium sp., Curvularia sp., kultur bersama, antioksidan, antibakteria

 

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