Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences, Vol 27 No 4 (2023): 740 - 753

 

INVESTIGATION ON CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS IN DAMMAR RESIN EXTRACT FROM STINGLESS BEE HIVE AND ITS POTENTIAL AS CORROSION INHIBITOR

 

(Penyiasatan Konstituen Kimia dalam Extrak Resin Dammar

daripada Sarang Lebah Tanpa Sengat dan Potensinya Sebagai Perencat Kakisan)

 

Mokhtar Che Ismail1, Muhammad Hadi1 , Solhan Yahya2*, and Zuliahani Ahmad2

 

1Centre for Corrosion Research,

Department of Mechanical Engineering,

Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS,

32610 Seri Iskandar Perak, Malaysia.

2Faculty of Applied Science,

Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Perlis, Arau Campus,

02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia

 

*Corresponding author: solhan@uitm.edu.my

 

 

Received: 7 April 2022; Accepted: 21 June 2023; Published:  22 August 2023

 

 

Abstract

This study aimed to determine the major compounds present in local dammar resin and its potential as an anticorrosive property. Dammar resin from a stingless bee hive was subjected to solvent extraction using an aqueous system; 70:30 v/v of ethanol: water. The yield of extraction was characterized through Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A linear polarization resistance (LPR), potentiodynamic polarization, and weight loss test were performed to evaluate the corrosion rate of steel. The result shows that longipinane (18%) was the major compound present in the extract, followed by ursolic aldehyde (14%), 1H-cycloprop[e]azulene (6.85%), 3,4-dichlorophenyl thiocyanate (6%), azulene, 1,2,3,3a,4,5,6,7-octahydro-1,4-dimethyl-7-(1-methylethenyl) (4.48%), and 2,4-heptadienal (4%). The existence of aromatic structure, phenyl group, C=C, and C=O provides an active site for adsorption on the metal surface to inhibit steel corrosion. LPR and weight loss test revealed the lowest corrosion rate at the 600 ppm dammar extract and recorded about 60% and 74% inhibition efficiency respectively. Tafel analysis showed a decrease in current density from 5.8 x 10-3 to 8.0 x 10-4 after 600 ppm dammar extract was employed in the corrosive medium of 3% NaCl, eventually, giving an inhibition efficiency at 86.2%. This research signifies that the local dammar resin of stingless bee hives has great potential as a corrosion inhibitor.

 

Keywords: dammar resin, gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy, corrosion rate, corrosion inhibition, Tafel

 

Abstrak

Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan sebatian utama yang terdapat dalam resin dammar tempatan dan mengenalpasti potensi sifat antikarat. Dammar daripada sarang lebah tanpa sengat telah melaui pengekstrakan pelarut menggunakan sistem akueus; 70:30 v/v etanol: air. Hasil pengekstrakan telah dicirikan melalui inframerah transfromasi Fourier (FTIR) dan kromatografi gas-spektrometri jisim (GC-MS). Rintangan polarisasi linear (LPR), pengutuban potensiodinamik dan ujian kehilangan berat telah dilakukan untuk menilai kadar kakisan keluli. Keputusan menunjukkan bahawa longipinan (18%) merupakan sebatian utama dalam ekstrak, diikuti oleh aldehid ursolik (14%), 1H-cycloprop[e]azulene (6.85%), 3,4-diklorofenil tiosianat (6%), azulena, 1,2,3,3a,4,5,6,7-oktahidro-1,4-dimetil-7-(1-metiletenal) (4.48%) dan 2,4-heptadienal (4%). Kewujudan struktur aromatik, kumpulan fenil, C=C dan C=O menyediakan tapak aktif untuk penjerapan pada permukaan logam bagi menghalang kakisan keluli. Keputusan LPR dan ujian kehilangan berat menunjukkan kadar kakisan terendah pada ekstrak dammar 600 ppm, dan masing-masing merekodkan kira-kira 60% dan 74% kecekapan perencatan. Analisis Tafel menunjukkan penurunan ketumpatan arus dari 5.8 x 10-3 kepada 8.0 x 10-4 selepas ekstrak dammar 600 ppm digunakan dalam medium 3% NaCl, akhirnya memberikan kecekapan perencatan 86.2%. Penyelidikan ini menunjukkan resin dammar sarang lebah tanpa sengat yang diperoleh dari sumber tempatan berpotensi besar sebagai perencat kakisan logam.

 

Kata kunci: dammar, kromatografi gas-spektrometri jisim, kadar kakisan, perencatan kakisan, Tafel

 

 

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