Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences, Vol 27 No 4 (2023): 865 - 875

 

QUANTIFICATIONS OF LINOLEIC ACID AND β-GLUCAN IN

Lignosus rhinocerotis EXTRACT AND ITS CYTOTOXICITY

ANALYSIS IN HUMAN LUNGS EPITHELIAL BEAS-2B CELLS

 

(Kuantifikasi Asid Linoleik dan β-Glukan dalam Ekstrak Lignosus rhinocerotis dan Analisis Kesitotoksikan dalam Sel Epitelium Bronkus Manusia BEAS-2B)

 

Nurul Asma Abdullah1*, Siti Nurshazwani Muhamad Sayuti2, Bushra Solehah Mohd Rosdan 1, Siew Hua Gan3, Nurfadhlina Musa4, and Ruzilawati Abu Bakar5

 

1School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia

2Universiti Sains Malaysia Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (USM IACUC), Universiti Sains Malaysia,

16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.

3School of Pharmacy, Monash Universiti Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia.

4Human Genome Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan Malaysia.

5Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia,

16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan Malaysia.

 

*Corresponding author: nurulasma@usm.my

 

 

Received: 26 February 2023; Accepted: 23 July 2023; Published:  22 August 2023

 

 

Abstract

Lignosus rhinocerotis, a polypore found in the tropical forests of Malaysia is traditionally used by the locals to treat various diseases. The objectives of the study were to quantify linoleic acid and β-glucan, characterize polysaccharide structure as well as to evaluate the cytotoxicity effects of L. rhinocerotis extracts. The linoleic acid and β-glucan concentrations in six different extracts of L. rhinocerotis were quantified using HPLC and β-glucan assay kit, respectively and the polysaccharide structure were analyzed using FTIR and XRD. The proliferation rate of human bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells treated with the L. rhinocerotis extracts were also analyzed. The highest linolic acid content and β-glucan composition were found in petroleum ether extract and hexane residue, respectively. Cold water and petroleum ether extracts showed cytotoxic effect with 30% reduction of cell viability at 72 hours at the concentration of 62.5-250 µg/mL while the other extracts are not cytotoxic. Quantification of linoleic acid and β-glucan as well as characterization of polysaccharide structure in L. rhinocerotis extracts have been successfully determined. The observed effects on BEAS-2B cells are likely attributable to the immunomodulatory properties exhibited by the active compounds of linoleic acid and β-glucan.

 

Keywords: Lignosus rhinocerotis, linoleic acid, beta-glucan, high performance liquid chromatography, cytotoxicity

 

Abstrak

Lignosus rhinocerotis merupakan polipor yang terdapat di hutan tropika Malaysia telah digunakan secara tradisi oleh penduduk tempatan untuk merawat pelbagai penyakit. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur tahap asid linoleik dan β-glukan, mencirikan struktur polisakarida serta menilai kesan sitotoksisiti ekstrak L. rhinocerotis. Tahap asid linoleik dan β-glukan di dalam enam ekstrak L. rhinocerotis yang berlainan masing-masing diukur dengan kaedah HPLC dan kit ujian mezayme yis dan cendawan β-glukan. Struktur polisakarida juga dianalisa menggunakankan kaedah FTIR dan XRD. Titisan sel epitelium bronkus manusia BEAS-2B dikultur dan dirawat dengan ekstrak L. rhinocerotis dan ujian kesitotoksikan telah dijalankan. Petroleum eter menghasilkan jumlah asid linoleik yang paling tinggi, manakala ekstrak residu heksana menghasilkan komposisi β-glukan tertinggi. Ekstrak air sejuk dan petroleum eter menunjukkan kesan sitotoksik ringan pada kepekatan 62.5-250.0 µg/mL dengan penurunan kadar kebolehhidupan sel adalah tidak melebihi 30% manakala kebanyakan ekstrak lain tidak sitotoksik. Tahap asid linoleik dan β-glukan serta pencirian struktur polisakarida di dalam ekstrak L. rhinocerotis telah berjaya ditentukan. Kesan ekstrak ini terhadap titisan sel epitelium bronkus manusia BEAS-2B juga telah berjaya dikaji dan berkemungkinan disebabkan oleh sifat imunomodulator yang ditunjukkan oleh sebatian aktif, iaitu asid linoleik dan β-glukan.

 

Kata kunci: Lignosus rhinocerotis, asid linoleic, β-glukan, kromatografi cecair berprestasi tinggi, kesitotoksikan

 

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