Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences, Vol 27 No 4 (2023): 816 - 839

 

MAGNETIC NANOPARTICLE FOR REMOVING SUNSET YELLOW DYE: TAGUCHI OPTIMIZATION

 

(Zarah Nano Magnetit untuk Penyingkiran Pewarna Kuning Matahari Terbenam:

Pengoptimuman Taguchi)

 

Nurina Izzah Mohd Husani1, Nur Amani Izzati Mohamad Hisham2, Nor Munira Hashim1, Clayrine Shima Anak Lasu1, Noorfatimah Yahaya1, Muggundha Raoov3, and Nur Nadhirah Mohamad Zain1*

 

1Department of Toxicology, Advanced Medical And Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia,

13200 Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia

2Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Bandar Baru Nilai,

71800, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia

3Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

 

*Corresponding author: nurnadhirah@usm.my

 

 

Received: 9 March 2022; Accepted: 30 May 2023; Published:  22 August 2023

 

 

Abstract

This study describes the role of magnetite nanoparticle (MNP) or Fe3O4, which are magnetic nanomaterials (MNMs), as adsorbents for the removal of a synthetic azo dye called sunset yellow FCF (SY) from aqueous samples. Improper release of the SY dye into water can have significant adverse effects on the environmental, including disruption of photosynthesis, obstructs sunlight penetration, and risks to aquatic life and human health. Therefore, it is crucial to develop effective methods for removing the SY dye from water sources. This research aims to investigate the potential of Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles in removing the SY dye from water samples. By analyzing the effects of Fe3O4 nanoparticles, this study aims to provide insights into their efficiency and effectiveness as a potential solution for the removal of the SY dye, contributing to the development of sustainable water treatment strategies. The adsorbents was prepared using co-precipitation method, and their characteristics were analyzed using various instruments. Furthermore, the study investigated the adsorption conditions, including the optimization of pH, adsorbent dosage, and contact time using the Taguchi optimization method. The optimization for the effect of temperature and initial concentration of dye was conducted separately. The results of this study showed that the interaction between the homogenous surface of the adsorbents and the adsorbates or analytes molecules involved chemisorption and monolayer adsorption. The adsorption was found to be feasible, spontaneous, increased randomness, and endothermic. Additionally, the prepared adsorbents were validated by applying to remove the SY dye from three actual wastewater samples. The removal percentage ranged approximately from 30% to 85% with a low relative standard deviation (RSD% < 9.2%). This demonstrated that the adsorbents remained reliable for removing the dye from real samples were spiked with a high concentration of analytes. Overall, this study presents a promising approach for removing the SY dye from wastewater samples. It shows that even the bare form of MNMs base can be extensively developed for analyte removal from real aqueous samples.

 

Keywords: magnetic nanoparticles, sunset yellow dye FCF, Taguchi optimization, adsorption, wastewater

 

Abstrak

Artikel ini menerangkan peranan zarah nano magnetit (MNP) atau Fe3O4, yang merupakan bahan nano magnetik (MNMs), sebagai bahan jerap untuk menyingkirkan pewarna azo sintetik yang dipanggil kuning matahari terbenam FCF (SY) daripada sampel berakua. Pembebasan pewarna SY yang tidak betul ke dalam air boleh memberi kesan buruk yang ketara kepada alam sekitar, termasuk gangguan fotosintesis, menghalang penembusan cahaya matahari, dan risiko kepada hidupan akuatik serta kesihatan manusia. Oleh itu, adalah penting untuk membangunkan kaedah yang berkesan untuk mengeluarkan pewarna SY daripada sumber air. Penyelidikan ini bertujuan untuk menyiasat potensi nanopartikel magnet Fe3O4 dalam menyingkirkan pewarna SY daripada sampel air. Dengan menganalisis kesan nanopartikel Fe3O4, kajian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan pandangan tentang kecekapan dan keberkesanannya sebagai penyelesaian yang berpotensi untuk penyingkiran pewarna SY, menyumbang kepada pembangunan strategi rawatan air yang mampan. Bahan jerap telah disediakan menggunakan kaedah pemendakan bersama, dan ciri-cirinya dianalisis dengan menggunakan pelbagai instrumen. Tambahan pula, kajian ini menyiasat keadaan penjerapan, termasuk pengoptimuman pH, dos penjerap, dan masa sentuhan menggunakan kaedah pengoptimuman Taguchi. Pengoptimuman untuk kesan suhu dan kepekatan awal pewarna dijalankan secara berasingan. Hasil kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa interaksi antara permukaan homogen bahan jerap dan bahan dijerap atau molekul analit melibatkan penjerapan kimia dan monolapisan. Penjerapan didapati tersaur, spontan, peningkatan kerawakan, dan endoterma. Tambahan pula, bahan jerap yang disediakan telah disahkan potensinya dengan menggunakannya untuk menyingkirkan pewarna SY daripada tiga sampel air buangan sebenar. Peratusan penyingkiran berjulat kira-kira dari 30% hingga 85% dengan sisihan piawai relatif rendah (RSD% < 9.2%). Ini menunjukkan bahawa bahan jerap kekal boleh dipercayai untuk menyingkirkan pewarna daripada sampel sebenar yang telah dicemari dengan kepekatan analit yang tinggi. Secara keseluruhan, kajian ini membentangkan pendekatan yang menjanjikan dalam mengeluarkan pewarna SY daripada sampel air buangan. Ia menunjukkan bahawa walaupun bentuk yang asas MNMs dapat dibangunkan secara meluas untuk penyingkiran analit daripada sampel berakua sebenar.

 

Kata kunci:  zarah nano magnetit, pewarna kuning matahari terbenam FCF, pengoptimuman Taguchi, penjerapan, air kumbahan

 

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