Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences, Vol 27 No 2 (2023): 396 - 406

INFLUENCE OF MONOMERS ON THE PROPERTIES OF EPITOPE IMPRINTED SOL-GEL ON SILICA SURFACE FOR HEPARIN ADSORPTION

(Pengaruh Monomer terhadap Sifat-Sifat Sol-Gel Bercetak Epitop pada Permukaan Silika untuk Penyerapan Heparin)

Nur Farhanah Samrat¹, Lee Jia Yee¹, Azalina Mohamed Nasir^1*, Noorhidayah Ishak^1,2

¹Fakulti Teknologi Kejuruteraan Kimia,

Kompleks Pusat Pengajian Jejawi 3, Kawasan Perindustrian Jejawi,

Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau Perlis, Malaysia

² School of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Campus,

Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang Malaysia

^*Corresponding author: azalina@unimap.edu.my

Received: 18 September 2022; Accepted: 22 March 2023; Published: 19 April 2023

Abstract

Heparin is a well-known anticoagulant drug commonly utilized in medical practice. Nevertheless, foreign impurities may contaminate heparin extract; thus, molecular imprinting technology is introduced to purify and separate the anticoagulant. In this study, an epitope heparin imprinted polymer was prepared using low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) as a template model in three different functional monomers: (3-aminopropyl) trimethoxysilane (APTMS), (3-mercaptopropyl) trimethoxysilane (MCPTMS), and 3-(2-aminoethylamino) propyltrimethoxysilane (AEAPTES). Meanwhile, tetrarthoxysilane (TEOS) was used as a cross-linker for the sol-gel process. The prepared epitope heparin imprinted polymer was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The AEAPTES-MIP demonstrated the best imprinting effect towards heparin (IF = 3.10) due to the high stability and dual functional group created strong hydrogen bonding, in comparison to APTMS-MIP (IF = 2.18) and MCPTMS-MIP (IF = 0.13). Moreover, the epitope heparin imprinted polymer exhibited higher selectivity towards macromolecule heparin than LMWH, indicating the successful identification and selection of macromolecule fragments to determine the biological activities.

Keywords: epitope imprinted, heparin, molecular imprinted polymer, sol-gel process

Abstrak

Heparin adalah ubat anti-gumpalan yang terkenal dan biasa digunakan dalam amalan perubatan. Walau bagaimanapun, ekstrak heparin berisiko tinggi bercampur dengan bahan cemar asing. Oleh itu, teknologi pencetakan molekul diperkenalkan untuk penulenan dan pengasingan heparin. Di sini, polimer bercetak epitop heparin telah dihasilkan dengan menggunakan berat heparin molekul rendah (LMWH) sebagai model templat dalam tiga monomer berfungsi berbeza yang dikaji iaitu (3-aminopropil) trimetoksisilana (APTMS), (3-merkaptopropil) trimetoksisilana (MCPTMS) dan 3-(2-aminoetillamino) propiltrimetoksisilana (AEAPTES) manakala, Tetrartoksisilana (TEOS) digunakan sebagai penyambung silang di dalam proses sol-gel. Polimer tercetak epitop heparin yang disediakan telah dianalisis menggunakan spektroskopi inframerah transformasi Fourier (FTIR) dan mikroskop elektron pengimbasan (SEM). AEAPTES-MIP mempunyai kesan cetakan terbaik terhadap heparin dengan nilai faktor pencetakan tertinggi (IF=3.10) berbanding APTMS-MIP (IF=2.18) dan MCPTMS-MIP (IF=0.13) kerana kestabilannya yang tinggi dan kumpulan dwi berfungsi yang diwujudkan mengukuhkan ikatan hidrogen. Selain itu, polimer tercetak epitope heparin menunjukkan selektiviti tinggi terhadap makromolekul heparin berbanding LMWH. Ini membuktikan bahawa MIP berjaya digunakan sebagai pengenalpastian dan pemilihan serpihan makromolekul untuk menentukan peranan aktiviti biologinya.

Kata kunci: epitop tercetak, heparin, polimer molekul tercetak, proses sol-gel

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