Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences, Vol 27 No 1 (2023): 30 - 43

 

EVALUATION OF CARRAGEENAN GEL PROPERTIES AT DIFFERENT CONCENTRATIONS OF CALCIUM CHLORIDE DIHYDRATE SALT

 

(Penilaian Gel Carrageenan Beraroma Pada Variasi Kepekatan Garam

Kalsium Klorida Dihidrat)

 

Nur Anis Alisya Kamarol Zani, Fatmawati Adam*, Nurul Aini Mohd Azman, Nor Hanuni Ramli

 

Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology

Universiti Malaysia Pahang,

Lebuhraya Tun Razak, 26300 Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia

 

*Corresponding author: fatmawati@ump.edu.my

 

 

Received: 18 August 2022; Accepted: 22 December; Published:  22 February 2023

 

 

Abstract

Aromatherapy is an alternative therapy for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) to relieve mild depression in individuals. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of incorporating calcium chloride dihydrate in carrageenan gel to increase stability property. The gel formulation was produced from a mixture of semi-refined carrageenan, sodium benzoate, alginic acid, polyethene glycol (PEG) and sorbitan monolaurate (Span 20) followed by the inclusion of calcium chloride dehydrate (CCD) at 0%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2% concentrations. The effects of CCD concentration on rheology, gel Bloom strength, morphology, and thermal properties were investigated. The viscosity and shear stress decreased on incorporating of CCD in the carrageenan gel formulation. The highest viscosity of the control gel was 597.84 mPa.s. The intersection of G' and G" at various concentrations of CCD salts in the gel formulation demonstrated that the increment of salt concentration resulted in a faster gelation process in the range 56.6 to 50.43 °C. The gel Bloom strength increased from 830.04 g at 0.5% CCF salt to 1331.39 g at 2% CCD. The highest gel strength of 1324.59 g was achieved with 2% CCD and a melting temperature of 194.4 °C. The weight loss rate for the control gel was 28.88%, the lowest weight loss rate for 2% CCD gel was 11.82%. The residual gel weight was also highest for 2% CCD: 16.74% after 21 days. A high residual gel weight reflects the stability of the carrageenan gel formulation to retain the product and last as aromatherapy gel product. The morphology images showed a highly porous gel structure on addition of CCD salts. In conclusion, CCD salt is capable of forming a strong interaction with the gel matrix to produce a stable gel.

 

Keywords: aromatherapy, biocomposite, depression, bloom, porosity

 

Abstrak

Aromaterapi adalah terapi alternatif untuk Perubatan Pelengkap dan Alternatif (CAM) untuk melegakan kemurungan ringan pada individu. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menilai kesan penggabungan kalsium klorida dihidrat dalam gel karagenan untuk meningkatkan sifat kestabilan. Formulasi gel dihasilkan daripada campuran karagenan separa halus, natrium benzoat, asid alginik, polietilena glikol (PEG) dan sorbitan monolaurat (Span 20) diikuti dengan kemasukan kalsium klorida dehidrat (CCD) pada 0%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, dan 2% kepekatan. Kesan kepekatan CCD pada reologi, kekuatan Bloom gel, morfologi, dan sifat terma telah disiasat. Kelikatan dan tegasan ricih berkurangan apabila pengambilan CCD dalam formulasi gel karagenan. Kelikatan tertinggi gel kawalan ialah 597.84 mPa.s. Persilangan G' dan G" pada pelbagai kepekatan garam CCD dalam rumusan gel menunjukkan bahawa pertambahan kepekatan garam menghasilkan proses pemeringkatan yang lebih cepat dalam julat 56.6 hingga 50.43 °C. Kekuatan Bloom gel meningkat daripada 830.04 g pada 0.5 % garam CCF kepada 1331.39 g pada 2% CCD. Kekuatan gel tertinggi sebanyak 1324.59 g dicapai dengan 2% CCD dan suhu lebur 194.4 ° C. Kadar penurunan berat badan untuk gel kawalan ialah 28.88%, kadar penurunan berat badan terendah untuk 2% gel CCD ialah 11.82%. Berat sisa gel juga tertinggi untuk 2% CCD: 16.74% selepas 21 hari. Berat sisa gel yang tinggi mencerminkan kestabilan formulasi gel karagenan untuk mengekalkan produk dan kekal sebagai produk gel aromaterapi Imej morfologi menunjukkan struktur gel yang sangat berliang pada penambahan garam CCD. Kesimpulannya, garam CCD mampu membentuk interaksi yang kuat dengan matriks gel untuk menghasilkan gel yang stabil

 

Kata kunci: aromaterapi, biokomposit, kemurungan, mekar, keliangan

 

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