Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences, Vol 26 No 6 (2022): 1274 - 1287

 

SURFACTANT FUNCTIONALIZATION OF MAGNETIC NANOPARTICLES: A STUDY ON THE PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION AND ZETA POTENTIAL AS A NANOFLUID TO IMPROVE THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY

 

 (Perfungsian Surfaktan Nanopartikel Magnet: Kajian Mengenai Taburan Saiz Zarah dan Potensi Zeta Sebagai Bendalir Nano untuk Meningkatkan Kekonduksian Terma)

 

Cheah Ching Wei1, Noorashikin Md. Saleh1*, Nik Nur Atiqah Nik Wee1, Beh Shiuan Yih1,

Ahmad Fazlizan2, Farhanini Yusoff3

 

1,2Department of Chemical and Process Engineering,

Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia,

43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

2Institute of Solar Energy,

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

3Faculty of Science and Marine Environment,

Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia

 

*Corresponding author: noorashikin@ukm.edu.my

 

 

Received: 18 May 2022; Accepted: 15 September 2022; Published:  27 December 2022

 

 

Abstract

Solar energy has gained increasing popularity in the last decade, resulting in the development of photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) systems to improve photovoltaic cell efficiency. Working fluid is one of the most important components in a heat transfer system. In this study, Fe3O4@Sylgard 309 nanoparticles were synthesized for nanofluid preparation. The stability and particle size of the nanofluid were analyzed using the dynamic light scattering method. Water-based nanofluid at pH 7 had the highest zeta potential compared to the same water-based nanofluid at different pHs ranging from 5.2 to 9.4. The nanofluid synthesized using cetyltrimethylammonium ammonium bromide and sodium dodecyl sulfate as the surfactant achieved better stability than the nanofluid synthesized without the addition of the surfactant. Ethylene glycol (EG)-based nanofluid had the highest zeta potential value of -2.54 mV compared to the water-based and polyethylene glycol (PEG)-based nanofluids. Nanoparticles in the PEG-based nanofluid remained suspended for two days and were better than the water-based and EG-based nanofluids. The improvement of the thermal conductivity of the metal oxide nanofluid compared to the conventional base fluid in previous studies was reviewed. The results showed that the thermal conductivity of nanofluid was higher than the base fluid up to 49.4%, indicating the potential for nanofluid applications in PV/T systems if the stability of the nanofluid can be improved.

 

Keywords: Ferum(III) oxide, magnetic nanoparticle, nanofluid, thermal conductivity, thermophysical property

 

 

Abstrak

Populariti tenaga suria semakin meningkat sejak sedekad yang lalu dan menghasilkan pembangunan sistem fotovolta/terma (PV/T) untuk meningkatkan kecekapan sel fotovolta. Bendalir kerja adalah salah satu komponen terpenting dalam sistem pemindahan haba. Dalam kajian ini, nanozarah Fe3O4@Sylgard 309 telah disintesis untuk menyediakan cecair nano. Kestabilan dan saiz zarah cecair nano dianalisis menggunakan kaedah penyerakan cahaya dinamik. Bendalir nano berasaskan air pada pH 7 mempunyai potensi zeta yang paling tinggi berbanding dengan cecair nano berasaskan air yang sama pada pH berbeza antara 5.2 hingga 9.4. Kestabilan cecair nano yang disintesis menggunakan setiltrimetilammonium bromida dan natrium dodesil sulfat sebagai surfaktan adalah lebih baik iaitu -2.54 mV daripada cecair nano yang disintesis tanpa penambahan surfaktan. Bendalir nano berasaskan etilena glikol (EG) mempunyai nilai potensi zeta yang paling tinggi berbanding dengan cecair nano berasaskan air dan polietilena glikol (PEG). Nanozarah dalam cecair nano berasaskan PEG kekal terampai selama dua hari dan lebih baik daripada cecair nano berasaskan air dan EG. Peningkatan kekonduksian terma bagi cecair nano oksida logam berbanding dengan cecair asas konvensional dalam kajian terdahulu telah dikaji semula. Keputusan menunjukkan bahawa kekonduksian terma cecair nano adalah lebih tinggi daripada cecair asas sehingga 49.4% dan mempunyai potensi aplikasi cecair nano dalam sistem PV/T sekiranya kestabilan cecair nano dapat dipertingkatkan.

 

Kata kunci: Ferum(III) oksida, nanozarah magnet, bendalir nano, termal kekonduksian, sifat termofizik

 

Graphical Abstract

 

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