Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences, Vol 26 No 5 (2022): 1023 - 1036

 

BIOTEMPLATED BISMUTH FERRITE (BiFeO3) NANOCATALYST FOR THE PHOTODEGRADATION OF OFLOXACIN BY SOLAR LIGHT UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF OPERATIONAL PARAMETERS

 

(Templat Bio Bismut Ferit (BiFeO3) Nanopemangkin untuk Fotodegradasi Ofloxacin Menggunakan Cahaya Suria Dibawah Pengaruh Parameter Operasi)

 

Ahmad Fadhil Rithwan1, Muhammad Alif Abdul Khani1, Noor Haida Mohd Kaus1*, Rohana Adnan1,

Sirikanjana Thongmee2, Siti Fairus Mohd Yusoff3, Takaomi Kobayashi4, Mohd Amirul Ramlan5

 

1 School of Chemical Sciences,

Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia

2Physics Department,

Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand

3 Department of Chemical Sciences,

Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia,

Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia

4Department of Materials Science and Technology,

Nagaoka University of Technology Nagaoka, Japan

5Department of Polytechnic & Community Colleges Education,

Ministry of Higher Education, Persiaran Perdana, Presint 4, Putrajaya 62100, Malaysia

 

*Corresponding author: noorhaida@usm.my

 

 

Received: 2 March 2022; Accepted: 3 July 2022; Published:  30 October2022

 

 

Abstract

Bismuth ferrite (BiFeO3) has been demonstrated to be one of the most efficient perovskite-based photocatalysts for pollutant degradation under direct sunlight. The focus of this research was to study the photocatalytic activity of BiFeO3 in relation to the degradation of the antibiotic ofloxacin. Different operational parameters for the optimized system were determined, such as photocatalyst dosage (0.05 g L-1 to 0.50 g L-1), pollutant concentration (2.5 mg L-1 to 20 mg L-1), reaction duration (2 hours), pH of solution (pH 2 to pH 12), and the effect of hydrogen peroxide, H2O2 as an oxidant (0.1 M to 0.7 M). X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope-Energy Dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX), and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses all corroborated that the rhombohedral BiFeO3 has a high purity and large surface area. The most efficient condition for all selected parameters was 0.07 g L-1 BiFeO3 at pH 8 in 10 mg L-1 of ofloxacin and the addition of 0.3 M H2O2 with 70.1% degradation and the total organic carbon left in the solution was 9.36%. The reaction obeyed pseudo-first order kinetics with R2 value obtained is 0.9399, with decreasing k values as the initial concentration increased. This demonstrated that the system performed best at low concentrations. This discovery paves the way for future research into the operational parameters that contribute to the photocatalyst efficacy in removing antibiotics as a pollutant.

 

Keywords: photocatalysis, photofunctional material, ofloxacin, visible light source, bismuth ferrite

 

Abstrak

Ferit bismut, BiFeO3 terbukti sebagai salah satu daripada fotopemangkin berasaskan perovskit terbaik untuk degradasi pelbagai pencemar di bawah cahaya matahari langsung. Kajian ini dijalankan untuk mempelajari prestasi fotoaktiviti BiFeO3 terhadap degradasi antibiotik ofloxacin. Parameter operasi yang berbeza telah ditentukan untuk sistem yang dioptimumkan termasuk dos fotopemangkin (0.05 g L-1 hingga 0.50 g L-1), kepekatan bahan cemar (2.5 mg L-1 hingga 20 mg L-1), masa tindak balas (2 jam), pH (pH 2 hingga pH 12), dan kesan hidrogen peroksida (H2O2) sebagai agen pengoksidaan (0.1 M hingga 0.7 M). Keputusan analisis pembelauan sinar-x (XRD), spektroskopi inframerah-transformasi Fourier (FT-IR) dan mikroskop elektron imbasan-spektroskopi sinar-x penyebaran tenaga (SEM-EDX) mengesahkan ketulenan tinggi BiFeO3 rombohedral yang telah dihasilkan dengan luas permukaan yang tinggi. Keadaan yang paling berkesan untuk semua parameter terpilih adalah dos BiFeO3 0.07 g L-1 pada pH 8 di dalam 10 mg L-1 ofloxacin dengan penambahan 0.3 M H2O2 yang menghasilkan degradasi ofloxacin sebanyak 70.1% dan jumlah kesuluruhan karbon yang tinggal didalam larutan adalah sebanyak 9.36 %. Tindak balas ini tergolong di dalam urutan kinetik pseudo-pertama dengan nilai R2 tercapai sebanyak 0.9399, dengan nilai k menurun apabila kepekatan awal meningkat. Ini menunjukkan bahawa sistem ini adalah lebih efisyen pada kepekatan yang rendah. Penemuan ini telah membuka satu kajian berpotensi ke arah penerokaan faktor yang meningkatkan kecekapan fotopemangkin bagi penyingkiran pencemar antibiotik.

 

Kata kunci: fotopemangkinan, bahan fotofungsian, ofloxacin, sumber cahaya boleh lihat, bismut ferit

 

 

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