Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences Vol 25 No 4 (2021): 596 - 604

 

 

 

 

PRODUCTION OF BIODIESEL FROM WASTE COOKING OIL USING POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE SUPPORTED ON ALUMINA CATALYST 

 

(Penghasilan Biodiesel daripada Minyak Masak Terpakai Menggunakan Kalium Hidroksida Disokong oleh Mangkin Alumina)

 

Shahida Hanum Kamarullah*, Zainal Kifli Abdul Razak, Norshahidatul Akmar Mohd Shohaimi, Nailul Amal Zakariah

 

Faculty of Applied Sciences,

Universiti Teknologi MARA Pahang, Jengka Campus, 26400 Bandar Tun Abdul Razak Jengka, Pahang, Malaysia

 

*Corresponding author:  shahidahanum@uitm.edu.my

 

 

Received:  19 May 2021; Accepted: 26 July 2021; Published:  29 August 2021

 

 

Abstract

In this study, waste cooking oil (WCO) was used to produce biodiesel using KOH supported on alumina (KOH/Al₂O₃) as the catalyst. Three parameters were studied to find the optimum conditions which are catalyst loading, reaction time and the reusability of the catalyst. Al₂O₃ was impregnated with KOH and characterized using thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) before the catalyst was calcined at 700 ˚C for 3 hours. The reaction was refluxed with constant conditions at the temperature of 65 ˚C, 10% of KOH-Al₂O₃, and methanol to oil ratio of 12:1 for 3 hours. The reaction time was studied using optimum catalyst loading which was 7 wt.% of catalyst amount and the reaction varied from 1-hour to 4-hour reaction. The highest yield of biodiesel obtained was 73.7% in 2 hours of reaction. At the end of the study, the reusability of the catalyst was studied. Three cycles of reaction were done using the used catalyst from the previous 2-hours reaction of yield determination and the result found a decreasing pattern of yield after 4 cycles of reaction. Hence, the optimal conditions for this catalyst were reaction temperature of 65 ˚C, 10% of KOH-Al₂O₃, methanol to oil ratio of 12:1, and 7 wt.% of catalyst loading at 2 hours of reaction. The highest yield of biodiesel was 73.7%.

 

Keywords:  potassium hydroxide supported on alumina, biodiesel, waste cooking oil, transesterification

 

Abstrak

Dalam kajian ini, sisa minyak masak (WCO) digunakan untuk menghasilkan biodiesel menggunakan kalium hidroksida yang disalutkan atas sokongan alumina (KOH/Al₂O₃) sebagai mangkin. Tiga parameter telah dikaji untuk mencari keadaan optimum iaitu berat mangkin digunakan, masa tindak balas dan kebolehgunaan semula mangkin. KOH telah diintegrasikan dengan Al₂O₃ dan diuji menggunakan penganalisis termogravimetrik (TGA) sebelum mangkin itu dibakar pada suhu 700 ˚C selama 3 jam. Tindak balas itu di refluks dalam keadaan malar pada suhu 65 ± 2 ˚C, 10% KOH-Al₂O₃, nisbah metanol kepada minyak 12:1 selama 3 jam. Waktu tindak balas dikaji menggunakan mangkin optimum iaitu 7 wt.% dan tindak balasnya di ubah dari 1-4 jam dan hasil tertinggi diperolehi adalah 73.3% pada tindak balas 2 jam. Pada akhir kajian ini, kebolehgunaan semula mangkin telah dikaji. 3 kitaran tindak balas telah dilakukan menggunakan mangkin yang telah digunakan untuk tindak balas sebelumnya semasa penentuan hasil untuk 2 jam dan hasil kajian mendapati corak hasil biodiesel menurun selepas 4 kitaran tindak balas. Oleh itu, keadaan optimum untuk mangkin ini ialah suhu tindak balas pada suhu 65 ˚C, 10% KOH-Al₂O₃, nisbah metanol kepada minyak 12:1, 7 wt.% jumlah mangkin pada masa tindak balas jam dan hasil tertinggi biodiesel ialah 73.7%.

 

Kata kunci:  kalium hidroksida, biodiesel, minyak masak terpakai, transesterifikasi

 

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