Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences Vol 24 No 2 (2020): 173 - 178

 

 

 

 

PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF Psidium guajava

 

(Saringan Fitokimia dan Aktiviti Antioksidan terhadap Psidium guajava)

 

Nor Akmalazura Jani¹*, Nurul Alia Ahmad Azizi¹, Nurul Iman Aminudin²

 

¹Faculty of Applied Sciences,

Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Negeri Sembilan, Kampus Kuala Pilah,72000 Kuala Pilah, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia

²Department of Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Science,

 International Islamic University Malaysia, Bandar Indera Mahkota, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia

 

*Corresponding author:  NorAkmalazura@uitm.edu.my

 

 

Received: 20 November 2019; Accepted: 11 February 2020

 

 

Abstract

Psidium guajava or commonly known as guava is useful to treat gastroenteritis, dysentery, stomach pain and indigestion. In this study, the leaves of this species were screened for its phytochemical and antioxidant activity. The phytochemicals were extracted by sequential maceration by using n-hexane, chloroform and methanol, while phytochemical screening was performed using various chemical tests. Meanwhile, its antioxidant activity was assessed by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. Steroids and terpenoids were found to be present in the n-hexane extract, while phenols and terpenoids were detected in the chloroform extract. The methanol extract contained flavonoids, steroids, saponins, phenols and terpenoids. Among the tested extracts, the methanolic extract demonstrated strong DPPH radical scavenging activity with an IC₅₀ value of 45.52 μg/mL.

 

Keywords:  Psidium guajava, phytochemical screening, antioxidant

 

Abstrak

Psidium guajava atau dikenali sebagai jambu batu berguna bagi mengubati gastroenteritis, disenteri, sakit perut dan masalah pencernaan. Dalam kajian ini, daun spesis ini telah disaring untuk fitokimia dan aktiviti antioksidan. Fitokimia telah diekstrak menggunakan rendaman berturutan menggunakan n-heksana, kloroform dan metanol, manakala saringan fitokimia telah dijalankan menggunakan pelbagai ujian kimia. Sementara itu, aktiviti antioksidan telah dinilai menggunakan kaedah 2,2-difenil-1-pikrilhidrazil (DPPH). Steroid and terpenoid telah didapati hadir di dalam ekstrak n-heksana, manakala fenol dan terpenoid telah dikesan di dalam ekstrak kloroform. Ekstrak metanol telah mengandungi flavonoid, steroid, saponin, fenol dan terpenoid. Di kalangan ekstrak yang diuji, ekstrak metanol menunjukkan aktiviti perencatan radikal DPPH yang kuat dengan nilai IC₅₀ 45.52 μg/mL.

 

Kata kunci:  Psidium guajava, saringan fitokimia, antioksidan

 

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