Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences Vol 23 No 2 (2019): 325 - 335

EFFECTS OF SILVER NANOWIRE-BASED POLYMER COMPOSITE MEMBRANE ON THE PHYSICAL AND ELECTROCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF MALACHITE GREEN SENSOR

(Kesan Nanowayar Perak-Membran Komposit Polimer ke atas Sifat Fizikal dan Elektrokimia untuk Sensor Malakit Hijau)

Sharifah Nur Atikah Al Yahya¹, Sharina Abu Hanifah^1,2*, Normazida Rozi¹, Nurul Huda Abd Karim¹, Lee Yook Heng¹

¹Center for Advanced Materials and Renewable Resources, Faculty of Science and Technology

²Polymer Research Center (PORCE), Faculty of Science and Technology

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

*Corresponding author: sharina@ukm.edu.my

Received: 19 August 2018; Accepted: 18 March 2019

Abstract

Malachite green is widely used in the aquaculture, food, and textile industries. However, malachite green is carcinogenic, mutagenic, and teratogenic. Therefore, a chemical sensor was developed to detect malachite green in water samples. Screen-printed carbon electrode was coated with (p(AAm-co-EMA)/Ru(bpy)₃²⁺/AgNWs to investigate its potential as a membrane for chemical sensor. The membrane was synthesized using the photopolymerization technique and characterized by fourier transform infrared (FTIR), ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H NMR), swelling test, field emission scanning electron microscopy/electron dispersive X-ray analysis (FESEM/EDX), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The peak of –CO in the FTIR spectra indicated that the copolymerization was successful. Furthermore, the NMR spectrum confirmed the FTIR result with the presence of peak at 4.2 ppm. Swelling test showed that p(AAm-co-EMA)/AgNWs had a lower swelling percentage than p(AAm-co-EMA) due to AgNWs filling the pores of the membrane, which can be seen in the cross section of the SEM micrograph. Thermal decomposition temperature of the membrane was around 400 °C. Cyclic voltammogram proved that the p(AAm-co-EMA)/Ru(bpy)₃^2+/AgNWs film coated on screen-printed carbon electrode which acted as a working electrode was able to detect malachite green by showing anodic peak around 0.25 V and cathodic peak around -1.0 V.

Keywords: malachite green, electrochemical sensor, photopolymerization, silver nanowires

Abstrak

Malakit hijau digunakan secara meluas dalam industri akuakultur, makanan dan tekstil. Walaubagaimanapun, malakit hijau bersifat karsinogenik, mutagenik dan teratogenik. Oleh itu, sensor kimia dibangunkan untuk mengesan malakit hijau dalam sampel air. Skrin bercetak elektrod karbon bersalut (p(AAm-ko-EMA)/Ru(bpy)₃²⁺/AgNWs telah dibangunkan bagi mengkaji potensinya sebagai filem untuk sensor kimia. Membran tersebut disintesis dengan menggunakan teknik fotopempolimeran dan dianalisis menggunakan spektroskopi infra merah tranformasi fourier (FTIR), ¹H resonans magnetik nukleus (¹H RMN), mikroskopi imbasan elektron pancaran medan/penyebaran elektron sinar-X (FESEM/EDX), analisis termogravimetri (TGA) dan voltametri siklik (CV). Puncak -CO yang hadir dalam spektrum FTIR menunjukkan kopempolimeran telah berjaya. Spektrum NMR mengesahkan spektrum FTIR dengan kehadiran puncak pada 4.2 ppm. Ujian penyerapan air pula menunjukkan peratus serapan air p(AAm-ko-EMA)/AgNWs lebih rendah berbanding p(AAm-ko-EMA) kerana AgNWs memenuhi liang–liang yang terdapat dalam filem seperti yang ditunjukkan pada mikrograf keratan rentas SEM. Penguraian terma berlaku pada suhu 400 °C. Voltamogram siklik membuktikan filem p(AAm-ko-EMA)/Ru(bpy)₃^2+/AgNWs yang disalut atas skrin bercetak elektrod karbon bertindak sebagai elektrod kerja berupaya mengesan malakit hijau dengan menunjukkan puncak anodik sekitar 0.25 V dan puncak katodik sekitar -1.0 V.

Kata kunci: malakit hijau, sensor elektrokimia, fotopempolimeran, wayar nano perak

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