Malaysian
Journal of Analytical Sciences Vol 22 No 4 (2018): 723 - 734
DOI:
10.17576/mjas-2018-2204-19
ANALYSIS OF
AMMONIUM ADSORPTION BEHAVIOR AND MASS TRANSFER RESISTANCE FROM AERATED LAGOON
EFFLUENT ONTO ACTIVATED CARBON
(Analisis Sifat Penjerapan Amonium dan Rintangan Pemindahan Jisim dari
Efluen Kolam Pengudaraan Terhadap Karbon Teraktif)
Mohd Hairul Khamidun1*, Shakila Abdullah2, Umi
Fazara Md.Ali3, Mohamad Ali Fulazzaky4
1Micropollutant
Research Centre, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering
2Faculty of Science, Technology and Human Development
Universiti Tun Hussein Onn
Malaysia, 86400 Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Malaysia
3School of Environmental Engineering,
Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Kompleks Pusat Pengajian
Jejawi 3, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
4Directorate General of Water Resources,
Ministry
of Public Works and Housing, Jakarta, Indonesia
*Corresponding
author: mhairulk@gmail.com
Received: 16
April 2017; Accepted: 7 March 2018
Abstract
High concentration ammonium (NH4+) discharges from
aerated lagoon effluent (ALE) correlated to eutrophication of receiving waters.
This study presents the first attempt to scrutinise the mass transfer mechanism
of NH4+ from ALE onto the granular activated carbon (GAC)
in batch and plug-flow column (PFC) studies. The GAC was characterised by BET
surface, X-ray fluorescence, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction
and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The kinetics and isotherm models
were applied to experimental data to understand adsorption behaviour, while
mass transfer factor (MTF) models was used to determine global, external, and
internal mass transfer. The PFC was successfully applied for the removal of NH4+
from ALE. The results showed that the adsorption of NH4+
from ALE on the GAC followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the
Freundlich adsorption isotherm in batch study. The resistances of mass transfer
for adsorption of NH4+ onto GAC from the PFC are
verified. The use of these empirical models has been proved that the models
were very suitable for PFC design and understanding mechanism of mass transfer
of solutes from waters onto porous materials.
Keywords: adsorption, ammonium, isotherm,
kinetics, mass transfer resistance
Abstrak
Kepekatan
amonium (NH4+) yang tinggi di dalam efluen yang
dilepaskan dari kolam pengudaraan (ALE) akan menyebabkan eutrofikasi pada
saliran yang menerima efluen tersebut. Kajian ini dijalankan untuk meneliti
mekanisma rintangan permindahan jisim NH4+ dari ALE ke
seluruh karbon teraktif berbutir (GAC) menggunakan kaedah ujikaji berkelompok
dan aliran penuh ruangan berongga (PFC). Sifat fizikal dan kimia GAC ditentukan
dengan menggunakan ujikaji permukaan BET,
pendarfluor sinar-X, mikroskopi
elektron pengimbasan, pembelauan
sinar-X dan spektroskopi inframerah
transformasi Fourier. Sifat penjerapan GAC telah dianalisis dengan menggunakan
model isoterma dan kinetik, manakala model faktor permindahan jisim (MTF)
digunakan untuk menganalisis faktor permindahan jisim global, luaran dan
dalaman. Penggunaan PFC telah diuji dan disahkan berkesan untuk menyingkirkan
NH4+ dari ALE. Hasil ujikaji berkelompok menunjukkan
penjerapan NH4+ dari ALE telah mematuhi prinsip model
kinetik tertib kedua dan model penjerapan isorterma Freundlich. Rintangan
permindahan jisim untuk penjerapan NH4+ ke seluruh GAC
dari PFC telah disahihkan. Penggunaan
semua model yang dinyatakan telah membuktikan bahawa model tersebut sesuai
digunakan untuk rekabentuk PFC dan juga untuk memahami mekanisma permindahan
bahan terlarut dalam air ke seluruh bahan berliang.
Kata
kunci: penjerapan, amonium, isorterma, kinetik, rintangan
permindahan jisim
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