Malaysian
Journal of Analytical Sciences Vol 22 no 4 (2018): 659 - 666
DOI:
10.17576/mjas-2018-2204-12
TOTAL PHENOLIC, FLAVONOID CONTENT AND ANTIOXIDANT
ACTIVITY OF Clinacanthus nutans
LEAVES BY WATER-BASED ULTRASONIC ASSISTED EXTRACTION
(Kandungan Fenolik,
Flavonoid dan Aktiviti Antioksidan bagi Clinacanthus
nutans Menggunakan Bantuan Pengekstrakan Ultrasonik Berasaskan Air)
Nurul Amila Fadhlin Baharuddin1,
Mariam Firdhaus Mad Nordin1*, Noor Azian Morad1, Nor Ilia
Anisa Aris1, Mohd Azizi Che Yunus2
1Shizen Conversion and Separation Technology (SHIZEN
Ikohza),
Malaysia-Japan
International Institute of Technology (MJJIT)
Universiti
Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, 54100 Kuala Lumpur
2Centre of Lipid Engineering and Applied Research
(CLEAR)
Universiti
Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bharu, Johor, Malaysia
*Corresponding
author: mariamfirdhaus@utm.my
Received: 16
April 2017; Accepted: 7 March 2018
Abstract
Clinacanthus
nutans (C. nutans)
is a prominent herb species that widely cultivated in Southeast Asia region.
The effect of water-based ultrasonic assisted extraction at various temperature
(30 to 60 °C) and time (5 to 30 minutes) on the total phenolic, flavonoid
content and antioxidant activity in C.
nutans leaves extract was investigated. Acquired extract was quantified for
its total phenolic, flavonoid content and antioxidant activity by
Folin-Ciocalteu, aluminium chloride test and 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl
(DPPH) assay, respectively. The result has revealed that the highest
temperature led to the degradation of bioactive compound in C. nutans leaves. The highest phenolic
content and antioxidant activity achieved at 55 °C and 25 minutes with 13.87 ±
0.15 mg gallic acid g-1 dry sample and 52.88 ± 3.91% inhibition,
respectively. Meanwhile, greatest flavonoid content was obtained for 12.25 ±
1.01 mg quercetin g-1 of dry sample at 55 °C and 15 minutes of
extraction. From this study, it was shown that C. nutans extraction has gained benefit from ultrasonic assisted
extraction and has possibilities of being used for the herbs utilisation of
beneficial food materials, nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals at manufacturing
industry.
Keywords: Clinacanthus
nutans, ultrasonic assisted extraction, phenolic, flavonoid, antioxidant
Abstrak
Clinacanthus nutans (C. nutans) adalah spesies herba
terkemuka yang ditanam secara meluas di rantau Asia Tenggara. Dalam kajian ini,
kesan ultrasonik pada suhu (30 hingga 60 °C) dan masa (5 hingga 30 minit) yang
berbeza terhadap kandungan fenolik, flavonoid dan aktiviti antioksida di dalam
ekstrak daun C. nutans telah dikaji.
Hasil pengekstrakan yang diperolehi telah dianalisa jumlah kandungan fenolik,
flavonoid serta aktiviti antioksida setiapnya dengan menggunakan kaedah
Folin-Ciocalteu, aluminium klorida dan ujian 2, 2-difenil-1-pikrilhidrazil
(DPPH). Keputusan menunjukan bahawa, suhu yang tinggi menyebabkan penguraian
sebatian bioaktif di dalam ekstrak C.
nutans. Jumlah kandungan fenolik dan
aktiviti antioksida yang tertinggi masing-masing telah didapati pada keadaan 55
°C dan 25 minit dengan nilai masing-masing adalah sebanyak 13.87 ± 0.15 mg asid
galik g-1 sampel kering dan 52.88 ± 3.91% perencatan. Sementara itu,
kandungan flavonoid pula telah diperolehi sebanyak 12.25 ± 1.01 mg quercetin g-1
sampel kering pada keadaan pengekstrakan 55 °C dan 15 minit. Hasil kajian ini
menunjukan bahawa, kaedah pengekstrakan dengan bantuan ultrasonik amat berguna
dalam pengekstrakan daun C. nutans
dan mempunyai peluang yang tinggi dalam penggunaan herba yang bermanfaat di
dalam industri pembuatan makanan, nutraseutikal serta farmaseutikal.
Kata kunci: Clinacanthus nutans, pengekstrakan bantuan ultrasonik, fenolik, flavonoid, antioksidan
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