Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences Vol 22 No 3
(2018): 452 - 457
DOI:
10.17576/mjas-2018-2203-11
PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING, ANTIFUNGAL AND ANTIBACTERIAL
ACTIVITIES OF Musa acuminata PLANT
(Saringan Fitokimia, Antikulat dan Aktiviti
Antibakteria Pokok Musa acuminata)
Siti Suhaila Harith*,
Nur Hanis Mohd Yasim, Aiza Harun, Wan Siti Atikah Wan Omar, Mohd Supi Musa
Faculty of Applied Sciences,
Universiti Teknologi MARA
Pahang, 26400 Bandar Tun Abdul Razak Jengka, Pahang,Malaysia
*Corresponding author:
ssuhaila@pahang.uitm.edu.my
Received: 4
December 2016; Accepted: 1 December 2017
Abstract
Musa acuminata plant
is known for its edible fruits and the uses of its leaves as food wrapper in
industries. Exploring it medicinal values will be an advantage because it can
easily grow in Malaysia. The non-edible part which is the leaves of Musa
acuminata ‘Dwarf Cavendish’ plant is analysed to determine the
phytochemical constituents and antimicrobial properties. Two types of organic
solvents used namely hexane and methanol. The antimicrobial properties of the
extract produced were tested against Staphylococcus epidermidis and Trichophyton
mentagrophytes by using disc-diffusion method. Phytochemical screening done
on the sample showed that the methanolic extract contained bioactive components
such as tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, terpenoids and saponins
whereas hexane extract indicated the presence of alkaloid. The methanolic
extract of the leaves showed positive effects towards tested microorganisms
whereas hexane extract showed vice versa. The best concentration of methanolic
extract against S. epidermidis was 60 mg/ml and T. mentagrophytes
were 40 mg/ml forming inhibition zone with diameter of 4.0 mm and 5.0 mm,
respectively. Methanolic extract against S. epidermidis is comparable to
ampicillin. Meanwhile, it is remarkable that methanolic extract of M.
acuminata leaves showed stronger antifungal properties as compared to
nystatin. As a conclusion, the methanolic extract of the leaves of M.
acuminata ‘Dwarf Cavendish’ can be nominated as potential drug due to their
antifungal properties.
Keywords: Musa
acuminata, banana leaves, phytochemical screening, antimicrobial properties
Abstrak
Musa acuminata merupakan tumbuhan yang
dikenali dengan buah yang boleh dimakan dan kegunaan daun sebagai pembungkus
makanan dalam industri. Meneroka nilai perubatannya akan menjadi satu kelebihan
kerana ia senang tumbuh di Malaysia. Bahagian yang tidak boleh dimakan iaitu
daun tumbuhan Musa acuminata 'Dwarf
Cavendish' dianalisis untuk menentukan juzuk fitokimia dan antimikrob. Dua
jenis pelarut organik yang digunakan ialah heksana dan metanol. Sifat-sifat
antimikrob ekstrak yang dihasilkan telah diuji terhadap Staphylococcus epidermidis dan Tricophyton
mentagrophytes menggunakan kaedah cakera resapan. Penyaringan fitokimia
dilakukan pada sampel menunjukkan bahawa ekstrak metanol mengandungi komponen
bioaktif seperti tannin, alkaloid, flavonoid, fenol, terpenoid dan saponin
manakala ekstrak heksana menunjukkan kehadiran alkaloid. Ekstrak metanol daun
menunjukkan kesan positif terhadap mikroorganisma diuji manakala ekstrak heksana
menunjukkan sebaliknya. Kepekatan terbaik ekstrak metanol terhadap S. epidermidis adalah 60 mg/ml dan T. mentagrophytes adalah 40 mg/ml
membentuk zon perencatan dengan diameter masing-masing 4.0 mm dan 5.0 mm.
Ekstrak metanol terhadap S. epidermidis
adalah setanding dengan ampicillin. Sementara itu, ekstrak metanol daun M. acuminata jelas menunjukkan ciri-ciri
antikulat lebih kuat berbanding nystatin. Kesimpulannya, ekstrak metanol daun M. acuminata 'Dwarf Cavendish' boleh
dicalonkan sebagai ubat yang berpotensi berdasarkan sifat antikulatnya.
Kata
kunci: Musa acuminata, daun pisang, penyaringan fitokimia, sifat
antimikrob
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