Malaysian Journal
of Analytical Sciences Vol 20 No 4 (2016): 931 - 945
DOI:
http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/mjas-2016-2004-29
PROTON EXCHANGE MEMBRANE FUEL CELL/SUPERCAPASITOR HYBRID POWER MANAGEMENT
SYSTEM FOR A GOLF CART
(Sistem Pengurusan Kuasa Hibrid Sel Bahan Api
Membran Penukaran Proton/Superkapasitor untuk Kereta Golf)
Siti Afiqah Abd. Hamid1,
Ros Emilia Rosli1, Edy Herianto Majlan1*, Wan Ramli Wan
Daud1, Ramizi Mohamed2, Teuku Husaini1, Ramli
Sitanggang 3
1Fuel Cell Institute
2Department of Electrical and System Engineering, Faculty
of Engineering & Built Environment,
Universiti
Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
3Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of
Industrial Engineering,
Universitas
Pembangunan Nasional “Veteran” Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta 55283, Indonesia
*Corresponding author: edy@ukm.edu.my
Received: 5
February 2016; Accepted: 22 April 2016
Abstract
This
paper presented the transformation of a golf cart system powered lead acid
battery into an environmental friendly hybrid vehicle. The design developed by
using an advantage contributes by the uprising alternative power source
candidate which is Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) and the
maintenance free energy storage device, a supercapacitor (SC). The fuel cell
(FC) stack was an in house manufactured with 450 W (36 V, 12.5 A) power, while
the SC was from Maxwell Technologies (48 V, 165 F). This two power sources were
controlled by the mechanical relay, meanwhile the reactant (hydrogen) are
control by mass flow controller (MFC) both signaled by a National Instrument
(NI) devices. The power management controller are programmed in the LabVIEW
environment and then downloaded to the NI devices. The experimental result of
the power trend was compared before and after the transformation with the same
route to validate the effectiveness of the proposed power management strategy.
The power management successfully controls the power sharing between power
sources and satisfies the load transient. While the reactant control managed to
vary the hydrogen mass flow rate feed according to the load demand in vehicular
applications.
Keywords: proton exchange membrane fuel cell,
supercapacitor, hybrid, power management strategy
Abstrak
Kertas kerja ini membentangkan
tentang transformasi sistem kereta golf dikuasakan oleh bateri asid plumbum
kepada kenderaan hibrid yang mesra alam. Reka bentuk ini dibangunkan dengan
menggunakan kelebihan yang disumbangkan oleh sumber kuasa alternatif iaitu Sel
Bahan Api Membran Penukaran Proton (PEMFC) bersama peranti penyimpanan tenaga
tanpa penyelenggaraan, Superkapasitor (SC). Tindanan Sel Bahan Api (FC) telah
dibina sendiri dengan kuasa 450 W (36 V, 12.5A) manakala SC adalah dari
Teknologi Maxwell (48V,
165F). Kedua-dua sumber
kuasa ini dikawal menggunakan geganti mekanikal, sementara itu bahan tindak
balas (hidrogen) dikawal menggunakan meter pengawal aliran (MFC) yang kedua-dua
diisyaratkan dengan menggunakan peranti Instrumen Nasional (NI). Pengawal pengurusan kuasa diprogramkan di dalam persekitaran LabVIEW dan
kemudiannya dimuat turun kepada peranti NI. Hasil eksperimen trend kuasa telah
dibandingkan sebelum dan selepas transformasi dengan laluan yang sama untuk
mengesahkan keberkesanan strategi pengurusan tenaga yang dicadangkan. Pengurusan kuasa ini berjaya mengawal perkongsian kuasa
di antara sumber kuasa dan memenuhi kehendak beban fana. Manakala kawalan bahan
tindak balas berjaya mengurus kadar aliran hidrogen mengikut permintaan beban
dalam aplikasi kenderaan.
Kata kunci: sel bahan api membran penukaran proton, superkapasitor, hibrid, strategi pengurusan kuasa
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