Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences Vol 20 No 4 (2016): 849 - 855

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/mjas-2016-2004-19

 

 

 

CHARACTERIZATION OF HEMICELLULOSES FROM OIL PALM EMPTY FRUIT BUNCHES OBTAINED BY ALKALINE EXTRACTION AND ETHANOL PRECIPITATION

 

(Pencirian Hemisellulosa Daripada Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit Diperolehi dari Pengekstrakan Alkali dan Pemendakan Etanol)

 

Maizatul Akhmar Mohd Nasir and Sabiha Hanim Saleh*

 

School of Chemistry and Environment,

Faculty of Applied Sciences,

Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia

 

*Corresponding author: sabihahanim@salam.uitm.edu.my

 

 

Received: 24 February 2015; Accepted: 27 October 2015

 

 

Abstract

Hemicelluloses from oil palm empty fruit bunches were extracted using alkaline extraction and fractionated by ethanol precipitation. Extraction of hemicellulose from oil palm empty fruit bunches were carried out with different KOH concentration (1 M, 3 M, 5 M), temperature (30 °C, 40 °C, 50 °C) and time (2 hours, 4 hours, 6 hours). The alkaline extraction produced two hemicellulosic fractions namely precipitate (HA) and alkali soluble hemicelluloses (HB). The alkali soluble hemicelluloses were then sub-fractionated by precipitation in 0.2 and 4 volumes ethanol for obtaining HB1 and HB2, respectively. Three hemicellulosic fractions (HA, HB1 and HB2) were further characterized in the form of total sugar, monosaccharides and Klason Lignin content. The optimal alkaline extraction was obtained at temperature of 40 °C, 3 M KOH concentration and extraction time 4 hrs. It was found that the alkaline extraction and ethanol precipitation is the suitable method to maximize the hemicelluloses yield.

 

Keywords:  oil palm empty fruit bunches, alkaline extraction, hemicellulose

 

Abstrak

Hemisellulosa daripada tandan kosong kelapa sawit telah dieskstrak menggunakan pengesktrakan alkali dan terpisah oleh pemendakan etanol. Pengesktratan hemisellulosa daripada tandan buah kepala sawit dijalankan dengan pelbagai kepekatan KOH (1 M, 3 M, 5 M), suhu (30 °C, 40 °C, 50 °C) dan masa (2 jam, 4 jam, 6 jam). Pengesktrakan alkali menghasilkan dua pecahan hemisellulosa iaitu mendakan (HA) dan hemisellulosa yang larut alkali (HB).  Hemisellulosa yang larut alkali masing- masing kemudiannya di sub-pisahkan oleh pemendakan dalam isipadu etanol 0.2 dan 4 masing-masing bagi menghasilkan HB1 dan HB2. Tiga pecahan hemisellulosa (HA, HB1 dan HB2) selanjutnya dicirikan oleh jumlah gula, kandungan monosakarida dan Klason Lignin. Pengesktrakan alkali optimum telah diperolehi pada suhu 40 °C, KOH 3 M dan masa 4 jam. Secara kesimpulannya pengesktrakan alkali dan pemendakan etanol merupakan kaedah yang sesuai untuk memaksimumkan hasil hemisellulosa.

 

Kata kunci:  tandan kosong kelapa sawit, pengesktratan alkali, hemisellulosa

 

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