DOI:
http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/mjas-2016-2004-19
(Pencirian
Hemisellulosa Daripada Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit Diperolehi dari
Pengekstrakan Alkali dan Pemendakan Etanol)
School of
Chemistry and Environment,
Faculty of
Applied Sciences,
Universiti
Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
*Corresponding author: sabihahanim@salam.uitm.edu.my
Received: 24
February 2015; Accepted: 27 October 2015
Abstract
Hemicelluloses from oil palm empty
fruit bunches were extracted using alkaline extraction and fractionated by ethanol
precipitation. Extraction of hemicellulose from oil palm empty fruit bunches
were carried out with different KOH concentration (1 M, 3 M, 5 M), temperature
(30 °C, 40 °C, 50 °C) and time (2 hours, 4 hours, 6 hours). The alkaline extraction produced two
hemicellulosic fractions namely precipitate (HA) and alkali soluble
hemicelluloses (HB). The alkali soluble hemicelluloses were then sub-fractionated
by precipitation in 0.2 and 4 volumes ethanol for obtaining HB1 and HB2,
respectively. Three
hemicellulosic fractions (HA, HB1 and HB2) were further characterized in the
form of total sugar, monosaccharides and Klason Lignin content. The optimal alkaline extraction was obtained at temperature
of 40 °C, 3
M KOH concentration and extraction time 4 hrs. It was found that the alkaline extraction and ethanol
precipitation is the suitable method to maximize the hemicelluloses yield.
Keywords: oil palm empty fruit bunches, alkaline
extraction, hemicellulose
Abstrak
Hemisellulosa daripada tandan
kosong kelapa sawit telah dieskstrak menggunakan pengesktrakan alkali dan terpisah
oleh pemendakan etanol. Pengesktratan hemisellulosa daripada tandan buah kepala
sawit dijalankan dengan pelbagai kepekatan KOH (1 M, 3 M, 5 M), suhu (30 °C, 40
°C, 50 °C) dan masa (2 jam, 4 jam, 6 jam). Pengesktrakan alkali menghasilkan dua pecahan hemisellulosa
iaitu mendakan (HA) dan hemisellulosa
yang larut alkali (HB). Hemisellulosa yang larut alkali masing-
masing kemudiannya di sub-pisahkan oleh pemendakan dalam isipadu etanol 0.2 dan
4 masing-masing bagi menghasilkan HB1 dan HB2. Tiga pecahan
hemisellulosa (HA, HB1 dan HB2) selanjutnya dicirikan oleh jumlah gula,
kandungan monosakarida dan Klason Lignin. Pengesktrakan alkali optimum telah diperolehi pada suhu 40 °C, KOH 3 M dan
masa 4 jam. Secara kesimpulannya pengesktrakan alkali dan pemendakan etanol merupakan
kaedah yang sesuai untuk memaksimumkan hasil hemisellulosa.
Kata
kunci: tandan kosong kelapa sawit, pengesktratan
alkali, hemisellulosa
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