Malaysian
Journal of Analytical Sciences Vol 20 No 3 (2016): 626 - 632
DOI:
http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/mjas-2016-2003-23
QUALITY
PARAMETERS OF Curcuma longa L.
EXTRACTS BY SUPERCRITICAL FLUID EXTRACTION (SFE) AND ULTRASONIC ASSISTED
EXTRACTION (UAE)
(Parameter
Kualiti Ekstrak Curcuma longa
L. daripada Pengekstrakan Cecair Supergenting (SFE) dan
Pengekstrakan Ultrasonik Berbantu (UAE))
Zaibunnisa
Abdul Haiyee1*, Siti Hafsah Mohd Shah1, Khudzir Ismail1,
Nooraain Hashim1,
Wan
Iryani Wan Ismail2
1Faculty of Applied Sciences,
Universiti
Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
2Faculty of Pharmacy,
Universiti
Teknologi MARA, 42300 Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
*Corresponding author: nisha@salam.uitm.edu.my
Received:
24 February 2015; Accepted: 27 October 2015
Abstract
Turmeric is one
of the prominently use herbal plants due to its diverse beneficial effects
especially in Indian medicine. The rhizome part of the turmeric contains
valuable compounds which have been said to owe its antimicrobial effects,
anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory and enhance wound healing. Due to its short-life
span and perishable properties, the conversion of the rhizome into turmeric
extract is desirable. Several methods have been used for extraction such as
Soxhlet extraction and pressurized liquid extraction (PLE). However, these
techniques are tedious, laborious, time consuming and involves the usage of
toxic organic solvent, of which safeness of the end product is doubtful. In
this study, a rapid, reliable and green extraction method of supercritical
fluid extraction (SFE) and ultrasonic assisted extraction (UAE) were used. SFE
without modifier has resulted in 0.0006 mg/100 g of curcuminoids concentration
and 5.62 % of yield (dry weight basis). UAE using ethanol was able to produce
significantly the highest yield (6.40 %, dry weight basis) and the highest
curcuminoids concentration (0.1020 mg/100 g). However,
SFE was able to produce extract that contain significantly higher major
volatile compounds; tumerone, ar-turmerone and curlone. Therefore, this study proves that both extraction methods were able to
produce high quality turmeric extract.
Keywords: Supercritical
fluid extraction, Ultrasonic assisted extraction, percentage yield,
curcuminoids, volatile compounds
Abstrak
Kunyit
merupakan tumbuhan herba yang terkenal disebabkan kebaikannya yang pelbagai
terutamanya dalam perubatan masyarakat India. Bahagian rizom kunyit mengandungi
sebatian berkhasiat yang dipercayai mempunyai kesan antimikrobial, anti-kanser,
anti-keradangan dan juga mempercepatkan kadar penyembuhan luka. Disebabkan
kitar hidup yang singkat dan ciri mudah rosak yang terdapat pada kunyit, maka
penukaran rizom kunyit kepada ekstrak kunyit adalah amat wajar. Beberapa kaedah
pengekstrakan telah digunakan seperti pengekstrakan Soxhlet dan pengekstrakan
cecair bertekanan (PLE). Bagaimanapun, kaedah-kaedah tersebut amat rumit,
sukar, mengambil masa yang lama serta melibatkan penggunaan pelarut organik
bertoksik yang menyebabkan keraguan terhadap tahap keselamatan produk iaitu
ekstrak kunyit. Di dalam kajian ini, kaedah pengekstrakan yang pantas,
dipercayai serta mesra alam iaitu pengekstrakan cecair supergenting (SFE) dan
pengekstrakan ultrasonik berbantu (UAE) telah digunakan. SFE tanpa bahan
pengubahsuai telah menghasilkan 0.0006 mg/100 g kepekatan kurkuminoids dan 5.62
% hasil ekstrak kunyit (berdasarkan berat kering). UAE menggunakan etanol telah
menghasilkan hasil ekstrak yang ketara tinggi (6.40 %, berdasarkan berat
kering) dan nilai kepekatan kurkuminoids tertinggi iaitu 0.1020 mg/100 g. Walaubagaimanapun,
SFE telah menghasilkan ekstrak yang mengandungi sebatian meruap yang signifikan
tingginya iaitu tumerone, ar-turmerone dan curlone. Maka, kajian ini
membuktikan bahawa kedua-dua kaedah berupaya menghasilkan produk ekstrak kunyit
yang berkualiti tinggi.
Kata kunci: Pengekstrakan
cecair supergenting, Pengekstrakan ultrasonik berbantu, peratusan hasil,
kurkuminoids, sebatian meruap
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