Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences Vol 20 No 3 (2016): 626 - 632

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/mjas-2016-2003-23

 

 

 

QUALITY PARAMETERS OF Curcuma longa L. EXTRACTS BY SUPERCRITICAL FLUID EXTRACTION (SFE) AND ULTRASONIC ASSISTED EXTRACTION (UAE)

 

(Parameter Kualiti Ekstrak Curcuma longa L. daripada Pengekstrakan Cecair Supergenting (SFE) dan Pengekstrakan Ultrasonik Berbantu (UAE))

 

Zaibunnisa Abdul Haiyee1*, Siti Hafsah Mohd Shah1, Khudzir Ismail1, Nooraain Hashim1,

Wan Iryani Wan Ismail2

 

1Faculty of Applied Sciences,

Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia

2Faculty of Pharmacy,

Universiti Teknologi MARA, 42300 Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia

 

*Corresponding author: nisha@salam.uitm.edu.my

 

 

Received: 24 February 2015; Accepted: 27 October 2015

 

 

Abstract

Turmeric is one of the prominently use herbal plants due to its diverse beneficial effects especially in Indian medicine. The rhizome part of the turmeric contains valuable compounds which have been said to owe its antimicrobial effects, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory and enhance wound healing. Due to its short-life span and perishable properties, the conversion of the rhizome into turmeric extract is desirable. Several methods have been used for extraction such as Soxhlet extraction and pressurized liquid extraction (PLE). However, these techniques are tedious, laborious, time consuming and involves the usage of toxic organic solvent, of which safeness of the end product is doubtful. In this study, a rapid, reliable and green extraction method of supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and ultrasonic assisted extraction (UAE) were used. SFE without modifier has resulted in 0.0006 mg/100 g of curcuminoids concentration and 5.62 % of yield (dry weight basis). UAE using ethanol was able to produce significantly the highest yield (6.40 %, dry weight basis) and the highest curcuminoids concentration (0.1020 mg/100 g). However, SFE was able to produce extract that contain significantly higher major volatile compounds; tumerone, ar-turmerone and curlone. Therefore, this study proves that both extraction methods were able to produce high quality turmeric extract.

 

Keywords:    Supercritical fluid extraction, Ultrasonic assisted extraction, percentage yield, curcuminoids, volatile compounds

 

Abstrak

Kunyit merupakan tumbuhan herba yang terkenal disebabkan kebaikannya yang pelbagai terutamanya dalam perubatan masyarakat India. Bahagian rizom kunyit mengandungi sebatian berkhasiat yang dipercayai mempunyai kesan antimikrobial, anti-kanser, anti-keradangan dan juga mempercepatkan kadar penyembuhan luka. Disebabkan kitar hidup yang singkat dan ciri mudah rosak yang terdapat pada kunyit, maka penukaran rizom kunyit kepada ekstrak kunyit adalah amat wajar. Beberapa kaedah pengekstrakan telah digunakan seperti pengekstrakan Soxhlet dan pengekstrakan cecair bertekanan (PLE). Bagaimanapun, kaedah-kaedah tersebut amat rumit, sukar, mengambil masa yang lama serta melibatkan penggunaan pelarut organik bertoksik yang menyebabkan keraguan terhadap tahap keselamatan produk iaitu ekstrak kunyit. Di dalam kajian ini, kaedah pengekstrakan yang pantas, dipercayai serta mesra alam iaitu pengekstrakan cecair supergenting (SFE) dan pengekstrakan ultrasonik berbantu (UAE) telah digunakan. SFE tanpa bahan pengubahsuai telah menghasilkan 0.0006 mg/100 g kepekatan kurkuminoids dan 5.62 % hasil ekstrak kunyit (berdasarkan berat kering). UAE menggunakan etanol telah menghasilkan hasil ekstrak yang ketara tinggi (6.40 %, berdasarkan berat kering) dan nilai kepekatan kurkuminoids tertinggi iaitu 0.1020 mg/100 g. Walaubagaimanapun, SFE telah menghasilkan ekstrak yang mengandungi sebatian meruap yang signifikan tingginya iaitu tumerone, ar-turmerone dan curlone. Maka, kajian ini membuktikan bahawa kedua-dua kaedah berupaya menghasilkan produk ekstrak kunyit yang berkualiti tinggi.

 

Kata kunci: Pengekstrakan cecair supergenting, Pengekstrakan ultrasonik berbantu, peratusan hasil, kurkuminoids, sebatian meruap

 

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