Malaysian
Journal of Analytical Sciences Vol 19 No 6 (2015): 1405 - 1414
ASSESSMENT ON BACTERIA IN THE HEAVY METAL BIOREMEDIATION
(Penilaian ke atas Bakteria dalam Bioremediasi Logam
Berat)
Mohamad Romizan Osman1,2, Azman Azid2*,
Kamaruzzaman Yunus1, Ahmad Dasuki Mustafa2,
Mohammad Azizi Amran2, Fazureen Azaman2,
Zarizal Suhaili3, Yahya Abu Bakar1,
Syahrir Farihan Mohamed Zainuddin1
1Kulliyyah of
Science,
International
Islamic University Malaysia, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
2East Coast
Environmental Research Institute (ESERI),
Universiti
Sultan Zainal Abidin, Gong Badak Campus, 21300 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu,
Malaysia
3Faculty
of Bioresources and Food Industry,
Universiti
Sultan Zainal Abidin, Tembila Campus, 222000 Besut, Terengganu, Malaysia
*Corresponding author: azmanazid@unisza.edu.my
Received:
14 April 2015; Accepted: 9 July 2015
Abstract
The
aim of this study was to identify and verify the potential bacteria as the
bioremediation agent. It involved bacteria isolation, identification through
Gram staining, analytical profile index (API) test and determine bioremediation
activities by using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS). The soil and water sample were collected from
downstream of Galing River, Kuantan Malaysia. Based on phenotypic
identification and biochemical analysis, the bacteria present at the vicinity
area are possibility of Myroides spp.
and Micrococcus spp. These bacteria
were proven as bioremediation agent based on the ICPMS result. The result 1 ppm
of Zink (Zn), Lead (Pb), Arsenic (As), Selenium (Se), Cadmium (Cd), Manganese
(Mn), and Indium (In) dwindled after the bacteria inoculated and incubated for
seven days in mixture of base salt media (BSM) with the heavy metal elements. Therefore,
this proves that the bacteria which are present at downstream of Galing River,
Kuantan Malaysia are significant to help us in the bioremediation activity to
decrease the heavy metal pollution in the environment.
Keywords: bioremediation, heavy metal, bacteria, analytical
profile index, inductively coupled plasma
mass spectrometry
Abstrak
Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti dan mengesahkan bakteria
yang berpotensi sebagai agen bioremediasi. Ia melibatkan pengasingan dan
pengenalan bakteria melalui ujian pewarnaan Gram, ujian indeks profil analisis
(API) dan menentukan aktiviti bioremediasi dengan menggunakan spektometri jisim
gadingan plasma teraruh (ICPMS). Sampel tanah dan air telah diambil dari hilir Sungai
Galing, Kuantan Malaysia. Berdasarkan ujian pengasingan, pewarnaan dan API,
bakteria yang hadir di kawasan sekitar adalah berkemungkinan Myroides spp. dan Micrococcus spp. Bakteria ini telah terbukti sebagai ejen
bioremediasi berdasarkan keputusan ICPMS dimana 1 ppm Zink (Zn), Plumbum (Pb),
Arsenik (As), Selenium (Se), Kadmium (Cd), Mangan (Mn), dan Indium (In)
berkurangan selepas bakteria disuntik
dan dieram selama tujuh hari dalam campuran media garam asas (MGA) dengan
unsur-unsur logam berat. Oleh itu, ini membuktikan bahawa bakteria yang hadir
di hilir Sungai Galing, Kuantan, Malaysia adalah penting untuk membantu kita
dalam bioremediasi aktiviti untuk mengurangkan pencemaran logam berat di dalam
alam sekitar.
Kata
kunci: bioremediasi, logam
berat, bakteria, indeks profil analisis, spektometri jisim gadingan plasma
teraruh
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