Malaysian
Journal of Analytical Sciences Vol 19 No 5 (2015): 1084 - 1092
KESAN PINTASAN KE ATAS INFILTRASI DAN KELEMBAPAN
TANIH DI HUTAN DIPTEROKAP DAN LADANG KELAPA SAWIT
DI TASIK CHINI, PAHANG
(Impact of Interception on Infiltration and Soil Moisture
in Dipterocarp Forest and Oil Palm Plantations in Tasik Chini, Pahang)
Frankie Marcus
Ata1, Mohd Ekhwan Toriman1,2, Mohd Khairul Amri
Kamarudin1,3*
1East Coast Environmental Research Institute (ESERI),
Universiti
Sultan Zainal Abidin, 21300 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu. Malaysia
2School of Social, Development and Environmental
Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities,
Universiti
Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
3Faculty of Design Arts and Engineering Technology,
Universiti
Sultan Zainal Abidin, 21300 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu. Malaysia
*Corresponding author: mkhairulamri@unisza.edu.my
Received:
14 April 2015; Accepted: 9 July 2015
Abstrak
Hutan
dipterokap dan kawasan pertanian kelapa sawit merupakan dua lokasi yang
mempunyai ciri pintasan, kelembapan tanih dan infiltrasi yang berbeza. Kajian
imbangan air bagi proses kitaran hidrologi ini telah dijalankan di Lembangan
Tasik Chini, Pahang, Malaysia selama sepuluh bulan bermula pada bulan April
2011 sehingga Januari 2012. Matlamat kajian ini adalah mengkaji ciri pintasan
di dua variasi kanopi pokok dan kesan pintasan ke atas proses infiltrasi. Metod
yang digunakan melibatkan data primer khususnya pengukuran aliran batang dan
jatuhan langsung serta kadar kelembapan tanih bagi kedua-dua lokasi kajian. 104
batang pokok menjadi sampel iaitu 100 batang pokok di kawasan hutan dipterokap
dan 4 batang pokok kelapa sawit serta 9 set jatuhan langsung dan 7 stesen alat
pengukur kelembapan tanih. Hubungan regriasi digunakan untuk menganalisis kadar
infiltrasi dan perhubungan antara pembolehubah pintasan dengan kadar kelembapan
tanih dan hujan. Hasil kajian mendapati, 29.7% jumlah pintasan direkodkan
dikawasan Plot A, 29.1% di kawasan Plot B dan 41.2% di kawasan kelapa sawit.
Purata aliran batang bagi pokok di kawasan hutan sebanyak 8.65mm setiap pokok
berbanding 12.7 mm bagi setiap pokok kelapa sawit. Purata bagi jatuhan langsung
di kawasan kelapa sawit juga tinggi berbanding kawasan hutan iaitu 0.49 mm dan
0.42 mm. Hasil kajian menunjukkan ciri pintasan bagi kawasan hutan dipterokap
dan kawasan kelapa sawit dipengaruhi oleh ciri fisiografi pokok seperti
diameter batang pokok dan bentuk dahan pokok. Nilai pekali korelasi bagi
hubungan antara jatuhan langsung dengan kadar kelembapan tanih di kawasan
kelapa sawit adalah r² = 0.49 berbanding di kawasan hutan sebanyak r²= 0.42,
hubungan yang positif bermakna apabila jumlah jatuhan langsung meningkat maka
kadar kelembapan tanih juga akan meningkat.
Kata kunci: aliran batang,
jatuhan langsung, kelembapan tanih, infiltrasi, hutan dipterokap Tasik Chini
Abstract
In
local water balance, the dipterocarp forest and oil palm plantation are two
locations which demonstrated different processes in terms of interception, soil
moisture and infiltration. To evaluate the process, this study was carried out
at Tasik Chini watershed, Pahang, Malaysia for over ten months commencing April
2011 until January 2012. The main idea of this study is to study the
characteristics of interception at two variants canopy and effect of
interception on the infiltration process. The methodology used involves primary
data including stremflow, through fall and soil moisture. 104 samples for
stemflow and four samples for palm oil trees, 9 sets of through fall and 7 soil
moisture stations were measured at dipterocarp forest and oil palm plantation,
respectively the regression analysis was used to analyses the relationship
between rate of infiltration and interception with soil moisture and rainfall.
The result indicate that total interceptions were registered at 29.7 percent in
Plot A, 29.1 percent in Plot B and 41.2 in oil palm plantation. The average for
stemflow in the forest area is 8.65 mm per tree compared to 12.7 mm for every
oil palm tree. Meanwhile, the average for through fall in oil palm plantation
was higher compared to the forest area. This is about 0.49 mm and 0.42 mm
respectively. The results of the interception at the Dipterocarp forest and
palm areas were affected by physiographic characteristic such as the diameter
size and branches of tree. The correlation coefficient between through fall and
soil moisture in the oil palm plantation is r²=0.49, in comparison to through
fall and soil moisture in forest area is r²=0.42. Positive correlation means
that the amount of through fall increase than soil moisture will increase also.
Keywords: stem flow,
through fall, soil moisture, infiltration, Tasik Chini dipterocarp forest
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