Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences Vol 19 No 4 (2015): 722 - 729
DEGRADATION BEHAVIOUR OF CHLORPYRIFOS IN SPINACH (SPINACIA OLERACEA) AND SOIL
(Perlakuan
Degradasi Chlorpyrifos di dalam Bayam (Spinacia Oleracea) dan Tanah
Nurul Shazlinie Abdul
Shukor, Siti Norhafiza Mohd Khazaai*,
Zurhana Mat Hussin,
Sarah Laila Mohd Jan
Faculty of
Applied Sciences,
Universiti
Teknologi MARA Pahang, 26400 Bandar Tun Razak Jengka, Pahang, Malaysia
*Corresponding author: ctnorhafiza@ pahang.uitm.edu.my
Received: 23 November 2014; Accepted: 27 June 2015
Abstract
Chlorpyrifos,
an organophosphorus insecticide that is widely used in pest control. This study
focuses on the chlorpyrifos residue and degradation behaviour in spinach
(Spinacia oleracea) and soil. The soil analyses include the determination of
particle size, pH, percentage moisture and total organic carbon. The pH of soil
was 4.95 with the content of 4.06 gkg-1 organic carbon, 15.55%
moisture and 65.58% fine sand. A liquid-liquid extraction using acetone and
water (70:30, v/v) followed by UV-Vis Spectrophotometer technique was performed
to determine the residues of chlorpyrifos. The maximum absorbance (λmax)
of chlorpyrifos was observed at 229 nm. Exponential relations were found to fit
the first-order rate equation. Results had also shown that chlorpyrifos
degradation equation in spinach was C=2.112e-0.09993t with a
half-life (T0.5) of 6.93 days and R2 = 0.99383. The rate
equation for degradation of chlorpyrifos in the soil sample was C=2.102e-0.01653t
with R2 = 0.99383 and T0.5= 42.09 days. When chlorpyrifos
formulations were applied according to the recommended dose, the final residues
in both samples exceeded the Codex Alimentarius Commission (CODEX) maximum
residue limit of 1 mgkg-1. Therefore, this work suggested that the
harvest interval should be more than 14 days, which considered as safe to
animal and humans.
Keywords: chlorpyrifos, degradation,
rate, spinach, soil
Abstrak
Chlorpyrifos adalah racun serangga organofosforus
yang digunakan secara meluas dalam kaedah kawalan perosak pertanian. Kajian ini
memberi fokus pada analisis sisa dan pencemaran chlorpyrifos di dalam Spinacia
oleracea (bayam) dan tanah. Analisa bagi sampel tanah adalah saiz zarah, pH,
peratusan kelembapan dan jumlah kandungan karbon organik. pH tanah adalah 4.95
dengan 4.06 g kg-1 karbon organik, 15.55% kelembapan dan 65.58%
pasir halus. Sisa chlorpyrifos diekstrak daripada bayam dan tanah dengan
menggunakan aseton/air, membersihkan dengan pembahagian cecair/cecair dan
kromatografi lajur, memekatkan kepada jumlah kecil dan dianalisis oleh UV-Vis.
Keserapan tertinggi chlorpyrifos adalah pada 229 nm. Hubungan eksponen yang
terhasil mematuhi persamaan kadar tertib pertama. Hasil kajian menunjukkan
bahawa degradasi kepekatan chlorpyrifos dalam bayam bertepatan dengan C= 2.112e-0.09993t
dengan separuh hayat chlorpyrifos dalam bayam adalah 6.93 hari dengan R2=
0.99383. Degradasi chlorpyrifos dalam tanah dengan persamaan regresi dinamik
dan separuh hayat chlorpyrifos dalam sampel tanah adalah C= 2.102e-0.01653t,
R2= 0.99383 , T0.5= 42.09 hari. Apabila rumusan
chlorpyrifos telah digunakan mengikut dos yang disyorkan, sisa-sisa akhir dalam
sampel bayam dan tanah adalah melebihi had maksimum CODEX dengan 1 mg kg-1.
Oleh itu, selang tuaian perlu lebih dari 14 hari, yang boleh dianggap sebagai
selamat untuk haiwan dan manusia.
Kata kunci: chlorpyrifos, degradasi, kadar, bayam, tanah
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