The Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences Vol 16 No 3 (2012): 309 – 317

 

 

 

PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND ACTIVITIES OF HYDROPHILIC AND LIPOPHILIC ANTIOXIDANT OF SOME FRUIT PEELS

 

(Kajian Fito-kimia dan Aktiviti Hidrofilik dan Lipofilik Antioksida untuk Beberapa Kulit Buah)

 

Khairusy Syakirah Zulkifli¹, Noriham Abdullah¹, Aminah Abdullah², Nurain Aziman¹,

Wan Saidatul Syida Wan Kamarudin¹

 

¹Faculty of Applied Sciences,

Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia

² School of Chemicals Sciences and Food Technology,

Faculty of Science and Technology,

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

 

*Corresponding author:

 

 

Abstract

This study was conducted to screen the secondary metabolites compounds including alkaloids, tannins, saponins and flavonoids as well as to determine the antioxidant activities of four types of fruit peels namely Psidium guajava (guava), Mangifera indica (Chakonan mango), Citrus sinensis (Navel orange) and Malus sylvestris (Granny Smith apple). The hydrophilic and lipophilic antioxidant activities were investigated using three different assays such as Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP), 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity and Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC). Total Phenolic Content (TPC) and Total Flavonoids Content (TFC) were also conducted and the correlations between the antioxidant assays with TPC and TFC were evaluated. The TPC in the peels extract ranged between 204.90 to 517.00 mg GAE/g extract weight while TFC ranged between 97.48 to 177.86 mg QE/g extract weight. The FRAP, EC₅₀ scavenging activity and ORAC values were 18.78 to 45.36 mM TE/100g extract weight, 0.146 to 0.717 mg/ml scavenging effect and 37.54 to 60.59 µM TE/g extract weight respectively. The extract of M. indica peels appeared to be as potent as ascorbic acid with maximum inhibition of 74% at 200 ppm. M. indica peels showed highest value in all antioxidant assays and in TPC while the highest in TFC was found in M. sylvestris peels. There were strong correlations between all antioxidant assays with TPC but very weak correlations with TFC. This study suggested that the extracts of fruit peels are convenient to be use as functional ingredients in food product development as they are rich in antioxidant activities.

 

Keywords: Secondary metabolites, hydrophilic, lipophilic, antioxidant, fruit peels

 

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